Free Speech vs. Hate Speech Essay - 1362 Words

Throughout history, the United States Constitution has been put to the test over the issue of free speech. The First Amendment states, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Even though free speech is one of the core American values proudly embedded in each citizen, some poopAmericans find themselves torn between whether or not to limit the freedom of speech on behalf of hate speech. Most law-abiding citizens disagree with hate speech, but must realize even speech that promotes hate, racism, and even crime†¦show more content†¦According to the University of Colorado, many political jurisdictions have enacted laws that forbid destructive speech. These laws give the police power to investigate persons suspect of committing hate speech. If found gu ilty, the persons are tried and punished according to the law. Although many insist that hate speech should be illegal, the First Amendment still stands; the right of free speech applies to every citizen of the United States and if restrictions are set, then that liberty is taken away. Even though hate speech can be damaging to the targeted victims, it still cannot be set to a standard or principle because it is hard to define what is and is not hate speech. Hate speech is so wide-ranging and vast, no limit can be set to regulate it. What some groups may consider to be hateful and demeaning, others groups deem to be their founding principles and beliefs. A study taken place at University of Colorado quotes, Often, when hate speech prohibitions are in place, people engaged in serious intergroup conflicts simply refuse to talk at all, preventing constructive problem solving and allowing tensions to build. American Civil Liberties Union suggests the best way to counterattack hate speech is to not censor it, but to respond with more moral speech. ACLU goes by the principles that the rights of free speech are indivisible: Restricting the speech of one group or individual jeopardizes everyones rights because the sameShow MoreRelatedFree Speech vs Hate Speech Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesFree Speech vs. Harmful Hate Speech Freedom of speech is instilled at the beginning of the Bill of Rights and it allows citizens of the United States to express their opinions without being afraid of what might happen to them, much like in other countries. Many times people are directly or indirectly harmed by others’ actions that are considered a right under the freedom of speech clause. Though, some people worry that if we do not allow for complete freedom of speech, it is hard to figure outRead MoreFree Speech Vs Hate Speech Essay769 Words   |  4 PagesFree speech versus hate speech is a very widespread debate as there are convincing arguments on both sides that are very compelling. Although there are many points commonly used to back up the argument that are false and inaccurate. All Americans have a right to freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly as depicted in the first amendment, but the exceptions to freedom of speech have never directly been acknowledged by the U.S. Supreme Court . The common slippery-slope argument forRead MoreThe Freedom Of Hate Speech Is Not Freedom Speech1143 Words   |  5 PagesHate Speech is not Freedom Speech Between August 11th and August 12th of 2017, the world watched the disturbance news of what was going on in Charlottesville, Virginia. The horrific videos and images left the world in shock. Groups of white supremacy, nationalists, hitler youths marched in unison screaming, â€Å"White lives matter! Blood and Soils! You will not replace us! Jews will not replace us!† More groups enraged their voices across Virginia to scream hate speech to other races. They threatenedRead MoreHate Speech1536 Words   |  7 PagesHate Speech Essay In the first amendment of the United States constitution, American citizens are guaranteed the right to free speech. This is a fundamental right of American law, and one of the foundations of the U.S. Constitution. It is also the breeding ground for one of the most widely debated issues in America: What, if any, measures should be put into place to regulate hateful language? Most people will agree under one definition or another that hate speech is a socially deviant activityRead MorePaper on Freedom for the Thought That We Hate825 Words   |  4 PagesPaper on Freedom for the Thought that we Hate In the book Freedom for the Thought that we Hate, author Anthony Lewis takes a simply phrased law, the First Amendment and shows how complex freedom of speech really is once put into the real world of freedom, as we know it. He shows through his rejections of absolutism, strong support towards freedom restriction, and objective analysis of Chief Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, that the United States press is unlike any other in the world. Lewis rejectsRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech1484 Words   |  6 Pagesof Speech Professor Hunt Culver Stockton College Freedom of Speech Americans have many freedoms that people in other countries can only wish they had. Just imagine a life where you could possibly be killed for speaking your mind and stating your opinion, other countries are living lives like that. According to Katy Davis, The United States ratified the first amendment on December 15th 1791 (Davis, n.d). We as a country don’t know where the government draws the line between hate speechRead MoreWe Must Stop Hate Speech1709 Words   |  7 Pages During the turbulent tides of the 2016 election, the question of whether or not hate speech is protected under the First Amendment has been brought up multiple times. Hate speech is defined by the American Bar Association as â€Å"speech that offends, threatens, or insults groups, based on race, color, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, disability, or other traits.† One side argues that hateful comments should not and are not protected due to the oppression they bring. After all, why wouldRead More The Controversy Over Internet Censorship Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pagescan be accessed at the touch of a button: anything from encyclopedias, to surveys and essays, to articles from magazines, and adult sites.   Anyone who pays for their Internet service is usually offered space for his or her own web page, and even many free services provide space for personal web pages.   All of this available space can be used for any number of reasons: posting newsletters for community groups, advertising for businesses, or just voicing one’s opinion.   For those of us who know how toRead More Censorship and the Internet Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesgreater space for free expression in countries where traditional broadcast and print media are restricted† (64). Free expression is a very guarded privilege to United States citizens. Private citizens and businesses can censor what is accessed on their computers to protect themselves, so why would it not be acce ptable for the government to censor what is accessed in order to protect the citizens of the United States of America. Some believe this is an infringement of free speech, while others findRead MoreFree Speech : The Importance Of The Freedom Of Speech1079 Words   |  5 PagesFree speech in my mind, should be universally protected, except when that speech turns into hate against any particular minority and incites violence that is not needed for the safety of the public at large. Freedom of speech serves to be a fundamental democratic right that affords every citizen to participate in the United States constitutional democracy. It is a vital tool because it can be used by every person, rich, poor, black or white, to voice their concerns and rejections of the federal or

Functionalism And Radcliffe Brown s Functionalism

Part A. In its infancy, the field of anthropology was dominated by only a few schools of thought. In its very earliest years, evolutionism and diffusionism were the foremost theories in anthropology. However, two other theories promptly took the place of evolutionism and diffusionism and ruled the landscape of anthropology for a large swath of the twentieth century. These two theories are known as functionalism, which was developed by Bronislaw Malinowski, and structural functionalism -- developed by A.R. Radcliffe-Brown. The two theories are similar, in that, both theories examine the function phenomena have in maintaining social cohesion. However, Malinowski’s functionalism and Radcliffe-Brown’s functionalism are vastly different and†¦show more content†¦Radcliffe-Brown says society is made up of countless structures, that is to say social relationships, that make up any given society. These structures, according to Radcliffe-Brown, have cultures that allow members t o participate in any given society. For example, Radcliffe-Brown would say that an individual’s relationship with a structure such as religion, allows that individual to participate in the society he or she is a member of. The gist of structural functionalism is structures produce culture which hold the society-at-large together. Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown disagree in their theories about the role of the individual. Malinowski and functionalism focus on the role of the individual in a society. Functionalism is all about society and culture satisfying the biological needs of an individual. In other words, individuals can have their biological needs met by forming relationships with other people. Social systems are only created as a vehicle to advance oneself and fulfill one’s biological needs. Radcliffe-Brown’s structural functionalism sees the individual as fundamentally irrelevant. In fact, his view is almost the opposite of Malinowski’s view of the individual in society. Structural functionalism says that people form structures, not for the advancement of themselves, but for the advancement and cohesion of the greater society. Fundamentally, structural functionalism and Radcliffe-Brown say that individuals are replaceableShow MoreRelatedScience Which Deals With The Establishment And Development Of Human Societies Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagestake care of it after addressing the functionalism and the structuralism. Talcon Parsons (1902-1979) was the theoretical more outstanding of the sociology American of the period of post-war. Author prolific, wrote about many areas of the sociology empirical and theoretical. He made contributions to the study of the family, the bureaucracy, professions and politics, among others. Was one of those authors that more contributed to the development of the functionalism, an approach theoretical of which hadRead MoreFunctionalism Of Sociology And Social Anthropology Essay3360 Words   |  14 PagesFUNCTIONALISM IN SOCIOLOGY In sociology and social anthropology the term functional analysis is used not only in the mathematical sense, where a function expresses a correspondence between two variables such that the second, or dependent, variable is said to be a function of the first, or the independent variable. Sociologists, of course, like all scientists, are interested in establishing such dependencies. The term functional analysis in their work also has a special connotation similar toRead MoreAn Introduction To Psychology . The American Psychological1758 Words   |  8 Pagesscience like biology and philosophy. The different schools of psychology was to represent the major theories within psychology. Wundt was able to form one of the many systems of psychology; structuralism. Along with existentialism, behaviorism and functionalism which are just a few of the traditional schools and systems of psychology. These schools of psychology have influence human knowledge and understanding of psychology. The Existentialism, influence and the application of treatment. One of the manyRead Moresociology4813 Words   |  20 PagesThe ancient Indian philosophy consists of six schools of thought, these are Yoga, Sankhya, Nyaya, Vaishesika, Vedanta, Mimamsa. These are valuable sources for social thought. Moreover, the Upanishads consist of philosophical enquiries into the man s inner life and final destiny. Indian society had the impact of Islamic tradition which gave rise to the Sufi cult and had influence on the life-style and value system. (b) Impact of British: The traditional handicraft of India was unable to match withRead MoreTracing Theoretical Approaches to Crime and Social Control: from Functionalism to Postmodernism16559 Words   |  67 Pages.............................................................................. 1-5 Introductory information CHAPTER 2 ....................................................................................................................... 6 FUNCTIONALISM, ANOMIE, AND STRAIN THEORY ........................................................ 6-25 Strain theory ............................................................................................................... 12 Merton‘s Anomie (strain)

Analysis of Innovation Patents

Question: Discuss about theAnalysis of Innovation Patents. Answer: Introduction Intellectual Property, or IP, refers to the intangible properties which are created by the use of creativity and intellect of a being. The owner of such property has the monopoly over the intellectual property. IPRs, or Intellectual Property Rights, are the protections which are granted to the owners/creators of the IP. These protections are provided in the form of copyrights, trademarks, patents, trade secrets, and industrial design rights. In the following parts, a discussion has been made on the rationale for providing the protection to the innovation patents in Australia. Further, an understanding has also been attained over the productivity commission recommendation, regarding the abolition of innovation patents. A patent in Australia provides a legal right, to prohibit or stop any third party from using, manufacturing or selling an invention in the country. Also, such patent can be provided as a license to someone else, to produce the invention on the predefined terms. The patents in Australia are administered by the Patent Office of IP Australia[1]. Two types of patents are granted in Australia, the standard patent and the innovation patent[2]. A standard patent provides the control and long-term protection over the invention. From the date of filing the application for a standard patent, it lasts for tenure of 20 years and in the case of pharmaceutical substances, this tenure is for 25 years[3]. To attain a standard patent, the invention has to be new, it must involve an inventive step, and lastly, it should have the ability to be used or made in an industry. An obvious thing, which can be done by anyone with experience or knowledge of the relevant field of invention, cannot be termed as an inventive step. The invention has to be dissimilar in some form, from the existing technology. And such dissimilarity has to be something other than a mere application of the available information. Before granting a standard patent, the application is thoroughly examined to ensure that the legislative requirements are met with. Such examination can take anywhere between six months to a number of years, depending upon the kind of protection and the relevant circumstances[4]. An invention, which requires protection, but has a shorter market life and which can be superseded by newer inventions, is granted the innovation patent. Such patents last for a period of 8 years[5] and are provided to such inventions, which do not meet the inventive threshold that are required for the standard patents. Innovative patents are comparatively inexpensive and a quicker medium to attain a protection for the new process, method, substance or device. Such patents require innovative steps instead of the inventive steps. Such an innovative step is taken, when the said invention is dissimilar from the previous known inventions, and this dissimilarity makes a considerable difference to the working of this invention. These innovation patents shield the incremental progression on the existing technology, instead of providing a revolutionary invention. Such patents are generally granted within the month of filing of the application. The reason behind the quickness is that these patents do not require an examination before being granted. Only after the examination and certification of innovative patents, on the basis of requirements stated in the Patents Act 1990, by the Patent Office of IP Australia[6], the patent is legally enforceable. Such examinations take place only when it is requested by a third party or the patentee or if the Commissioner of Patents decides to carry out the examination of the patent. Further, until a patentee is required to pay for the examination, he is not required to contribute in this matter[7]. A crucial advantage that the innovation patent has over the standard patent is that the former one is easier to defend, especially in such cases where the prospective innovation shows an obvious improvement over the existing technologies. An Australian Patent only provides protection to the patent in the country. To obtain protection in other countries, the innovator has to file a separate patent application for each of the countries where the protection is sought. Other than that an innovator can file a single application as per the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), which is managed by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)[8]. By applying for a patent as per the PCT, an application is automatically made in 148 countries, which includes Australia and such PCT application than takes form of a standard patent. In each of the methods, a separate patent application is filed in the applied country(s). By using the PCT application, a convenience is gained by filing patents in numerous countries through a single application. Such application undergoes the examination process, as stated in the standards which are accepted by the 148 countries, and who are the signatories to the PCT. A priority document can be att ained for a PCT application through an Australian provisional application, if the PCT application is submitted within 12 months of the submission of such provisional application[9]. Patents are considered to be a very expensive mean to safeguard an invention but it is necessary nonetheless. Patents act as a significant asset for the companies and to safeguard this asset, in the growing competitive world, filing a patent is necessary. In 1997, IBM received 1800 (approx.) patents[10]. In 1998, this number increased to 2700[11]. This increase clearly establishes that IBM understood the importance of protecting the innovative ideas and the best method to do this, in a cost effective way, is a patent. To put it in other words, if a patent owner wants to reap benefits of the innovation, the owner would like to have exclusive rights over such innovation, so that others are unable to replicate it. Further, if a small inventor wants to sell the innovation to larger companies, the innovation has to be protected. Without a patent on such innovation, no company would buy the innovation from such an inventor. An innovation patent provides an exclusive right to the owner to use and exploit the innovation for a period of 8 years from the date of filing. By gaining the exclusive rights, the innovator is in a position to prevent others from using the innovation commercially, which helps in reducing the competition, as well as, in establishing himself in the market as an eminent player[12]. Further, these exclusive rights help in commercializing the innovation and earning high returns on the investments, which were made to develop the innovative product. The other option available with an investor is a license. By licensing or even selling the innovation, a source of income can be guaranteed. The innovation patents not only provide a cost-effective and faster way to protect the innovation but also help in reduction of the commercial and financial risks involved in the process of research and development of such innovation. Further, an innovation patent allows the innovator to protect each and every stage of the development of the said invention. Such patents have a broad coverage, as an innovation patent can be taken on any subject matter, as long as it does not involve animals and plants[13]. Innovative patents, even though are for a shorter duration and do not require an examination until necessary, do provide a powerful protection against any infringement, as are available for an infringement of standard patents, in the form of damages and injunctions. The innovative patent is granted[14] under the section 62 of the Patents Act, 1990 (Act). The exclusive rights[15] relating to the hire, sell, make or disposing off the product are given in the Section 13 of the Act. Section 122 of this Act provides the relief[16] in case of an infringement of a patent in form of accounts of profits, injunctions and damages. The requirements of innovation or novelty[17] are stated in the Sections 1A and 18(1) of this Act. Also, the requirement for an innovation patent is for an innovative step, instead of an inventive step[18]. Innovative patents are published within a matter of weeks[19]. Further, it is optional to get the examination done as per the Act and the right is actionable only after getting the patent certified, after due examination[20]. The Act allows only 5 claims in order to attain an innovative patent[21]. The key to obtaining an innovation patent is the standard of the innovative step or the inventiveness of the patent applied for. The first test for establishing the innovative step was given in the case of Griffins v Isaacs[22] where the judges held that an invention has to involve an innovative step and where the invention differs on a single act or reference, it would not make a considerable contribution to the working of the invention. And so, in this case, the patent was quashed for the lack of innovation, in spite of the differentiation from the earlier act, as the differentiation did not make a considerable contribution to the functioning of the object. The initial decision regarding what is to be considered as an innovative step was given in the case of Delnorth v Dura-post[23]. This case provided the steps to determine if an innovative step was involved in a case, or not. These included that a comparison should be drawn between each of the claim and the differences should be determined. These differences should than be seen through the eyes of a skilled person, who has the relevant knowledge of the field, in the light of general common knowledge, as was present in the country before the claim was made. Lastly, establish whether the invention that has been claimed differs from the previous art in a way which makes a considerable contribution to the functioning of the object, or not. The court relied on the provisions of the Patents Act, 1990, stated under the sub-sections 7(4) 7(5) to provide the stated steps in this case. The decision of this case, along with the ensuing decisions of cases like Mizzi Family Holdings v Morellini[24], Seafood Innovations v Richard Bass[25], SNF v Ciba[26] made the matter of challenging the validity of an innovation, a difficult subject, especially when the innovation can be established. In the case of Dynamite Games Pty Limited v Aruze Gaming Australia Pty Limited[27], all the claims (a total of 5 claims were made in this case) were invalidated for the lack of an innovative step. In 2001, the innovation patent system was formulated to encourage innovation amongst the small to medium business enterprises (SMEs) in Australia[28]. As stated above, such patents provide protection to the lower level inventions which do not fulfill the inventive criteria laid down for a standard patent and are also not covered by the design legislation. In February of 2011, the Advisory Council on Intellectual Property, or as known as the ACIP, was requested to examine the effectiveness of the innovation patent system in stimulation of the innovations to the SMEs in Australia. On this request, ACIP carried out thorough consultations from the public, including the release of an Options Paper as well as an Issues Paper which placed a variety of probable options available, in order to reform the Innovation Patent System. On June 16, 2014[29], the final report of the ACIP was released. Though, due to the lack of any empirical evidence during this examination, ACIP restrained itself fro m making any recommendations to support the abolition or retention of this system. Even though ACIP had issued a final report, in an expected development, in May 2015, the ACIP issued a statement based on the analysis of data provided by the Chief Economist of the IP Australias Office, stating that the innovation patent system was not accomplishing its purpose of inspiring innovation within the SMEs and hence, the government should move forward with the abolition of this system[30]. The Productivity Commission also conducted an inquiry relating to the intellectual property arrangements in Australia. As per the commission, the grant of protection to an invention, in a properly functioning patent system, should only be given if the inventions are socially valuable and are an addition to the inventions and not merely a change, as is done in the case of innovation patents. Further, the commission holds that the present patent system in Australia is not only poorly targeted, but is also failing publically, by allowing the patents to be granted to low-value patents. The Commission is of the view that such innovation patents inhibit the innovation, rather than assisting them for the SMEs. The Productivity Commission has also issued a draft report which contains certain recommendations to revolutionize the patent system, as well as, the copyrights, trademarks and other intellectual property rights in Australia[31]. These recommendations include the call for abolition of the second-tier innovation patent system in Australia, i.e., the innovation patents; the exclusion of business methods and the software from being the subject matter of a patent; raising the heights for inventiveness of a patent; change in the time regime of extension of a pharmaceutical patent; and an alteration in the structure of the patent fees. Further, the Commission considers that the whole system of innovation patents is flawed as it has been seen in some cases, that such patents have been used strategically, so as to increase the uncertainty regarding the scope of the rights of competitors, or to target the alleged infringers of the standard patents, without promoting any innovation in true sen se[32]. And this uncertainty is one of the reasons why the SMEs in Australia, find it difficult to innovate. As per the commission, the patents are granted very easily in Australia, and so a variety of low-quality patents being granted which negates the innovation. A major recommendation is to amend the section 7(2) as well as section 7(3) of the Act, so as to raise the inventive step threshold. There is also a recommendation to include an object clause in the Act. This object clause should, as per the recommendation, describe the purpose of this Act. And the purpose, as given in the draft, is to enhance the welfare of the Australians by providing protection to such patents which are socially valuable innovations, which would have not taken place otherwise, and also by the promotion of the distribution of technology. The view behind these recommendations is that, the patent system should enable a balance of interests between the applicant, the owners, the user of such technology as well as the fellow researchers and innovators, along with the Australian society, as a whole. The reason behind the commissions recommendation for abolition of the innovation patent system is that as per the commission, this system creates hardships over the SMEs regarding innovation and a simple reform of this system would prove insignificant. The Draft Recommendation 7.1 contained that the Government of Australian should abolish the innovation patent system[33]. This recommendation of the Commission was influenced by the final report of the review of the innovation patent system by the Advisory Council on Intellectual Property (ACIP) where a similar consideration was held. However, the recommendation regarding the abolition of the innovative patent system has not been accepted by everyone. The Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry is one of such bodies, who have opposed this recommendation. In a draft report submitted in this regard, the Chamber has shown its concern over this recommendation. The Chamber noted through its initial submission that even though this system may not be working well for the SMEs in Australia, but it should still be retained till time an alternative mechanism can be identified, so as to allow the SMEs to access the patent system. The Chamber has welcomed such reforms which would be necessary to retain the innovative patents. The Chamber has also welcomed the reforms relating to the increase in the threshold limit, for meeting the requirements of innovative step, as well as, reducing the incentives, to make a strategic use of this system[34]. On the basis of above analysis, it can be concluded that the innovation patents are a crucial part of the patent world, in Australia. Even though they create difficulties for the SMEs to innovate, but they do provide a quicker and cost-effective way to safeguard an innovation. And hence, the recommendation of abolition of such patent by the Commission is not favorable. Bibliography Cases Dura-Post (Australia) Pty Ltd v Delnorth Pty Ltd [2009] FCAFC 81 (30 June 2009) Dynamite Games Pty Limited v Aruze Gaming Australia Pty Limited [2013] FCAFC 96 Griffin v Isaacs (1938) 1B IPR 6194 Mizzi Family Holdings v Morellini [2013] FCA 1435 Seafood Innovations v Richard Bass [2011] FCAFC 83 SNF v Ciba [2012] FCAFC 95 Legislation Patents Act, 1990 Other Australian Trade and Investment Commission, Australian Government, Australian Intellectual Property laws, 2016 https://www.austrade.gov.au/International/Invest/Guide-to-investing/Running-a-business/Understanding-Australian-business-regulation/Australian-Intellectual-Property-laws National Inventor Fraud Center, Patent Protection, 2016 https://www.inventorfraud.com/PatentProtection.aspx World Intellectual Property Organization, Reasons for Patenting Your Inventions, 2016 https://www.wipo.int/sme/en/ip_business/importance/reasons.htm IP Australia, Australian Government, Review of the Innovation Patent System, 21 April 2016 https://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/about-us/public-consultations/archive-of-ip-reviews/ip-reviews/Review-of-the-Innovation-Patent-System Brendan Nugent, Australia's Productivity Commission recommends sweeping changes to systems for protection of intellectual property, 06 May 2016 https://www.ajpark.com/ip-central/news-articles/2016/05/australias-productivity-commission-recommends-sweeping-changes-to-systems-for-protection-of-intellectual-property/ Michelle Lee, Gideon Van Rensburg and Edward Genocchio, Australia Update: Productivity Commission Report - Draft Recommendations Relating To Patents, 17 May, 2016 https://www.spruson.com/australia-update-productivity-commission-report-draft-recommendations-relating-to-patents/ Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Productivity Commission Inquiry into Intellectual Property Arrangements, 17 June 2016 https://www.acci.asn.au/sites/default/files/uploaded-content/field_f_content_file/pc_inquiry_into_ip_draft_report_submission_june_2016.pdf Ray Hind, Innovation Patents - Sticking The Boot In, 18 June, 2015 https://www.davies.com.au/ip-news/innovation-patents-sticking-the-boot-in Edith Hamilton and Mark Roberts, Have Your Say By 3 June 2016 On Australias Patent System, 13 May, 2016 https://www.davies.com.au/ip-news/have-your-say-by-3-june-2016-on-the-productivity-commissions-draft-report-o IP Australia, Australian Government, Types of patents, 30 May, 2016 https://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/patents/understanding-patents/types-patents

George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men Research Paper Example

George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men Paper The novella, Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, is set in Californias Salinas Valley, Soledad during the Great Depression. Steinbeck illustrates the loneliness of ranch life in the early 1930s and highlights how people are driven to try and find friendship in order to escape from loneliness. Steinbeck deliberately uses the town Soledad, meaning loneliness to connect with the main theme of the novella; furthermore, George Milton is depicted many times playing the game of Solitaire, meaning alone. Of Mice and Men is filled with characters who are unable to escape from their lonely lives. In 1930s America, the itinerant farm workers of the Great Depression found it impossible to establish fixed homes, forcing them to wander from ranch to ranch seeking temporary employment and to live in bunk houses with strangers. Their nomadic lifestyle made it difficult to establish a friendship and this was the cause of their loneliness. George explains the misery of this situation at several points during his dialogues with Lennie Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They got no family. They dont belong no place The opening scene of the novella appears to be an extremely peaceful and idyllic place as the Salinas river winds through an idyllic scene of yellow sands, golden foothills, and deer that come to the shore to drink at night, which immediately builds an image of a heavenly place, filled with beauty. The use of colour contributes to the beauty and Eden-like idyllic clearing and contributes to overall sense of perfection. The rich tone of the golden foothill slopes conveys an image of the setting as luxurious and mystical. Steinbeck portrays the river as green and deep which creates an immutable and idyllic serene; yet however, the repetition of the adjective deep implies that water is polluted or dirty, building an image of impending doom or danger. The permanent nature is threatened as the limbs of the sycamore are revealed to be in such a weak state, Steinbeck portraying not how strong nature is but how strong it used to be. The damp flat covered with night tracks of coons also reveals the imperfection of an immutable nature; furthermore, Steinbeck highlights a path beaten hard by boys coming down from the ranches to swim in the deep pool, and beaten hard by tramps who come wearily down from the highway; this metaphor evokes a sense of the harmony of nature spoilt by human interference. This also creates a setting and indicates how men who work on the ranch have had temporary, isolated and lonely lives. The details of the ashes left over from many camp fires and the tree bough worn smooth by so many people sitting on it over the years emphasize the number of people who come over to this spot. Steinbeck gradually introduces that nature is not all idyllic and perfect and this environment is portentous and ominous; he evokes a sense of nostalgia and sentimentality into the landscape. The idyllic peace of the initial scene is disrupted as the two main characters of the novel emerge from the woods. Steinbeck reveals that for a moment the place was lifeless before two men emerged from the path and came into the opening by the green pool. This is evocative because lifeless creates an ominous atmosphere. The rabbits scurry into the shrubs and a heron flies from the edge of the still pool before George and Lennie enter the clearing; this illuminates mans triumph over nature and man disturbing nature. The rabbits senses the presence of danger and hurries away, it is a movement from harmony to discord. There is a contrast between man and nature. Steinbeck also forebodes the death of Lennie by the simple act of predator eating prey. A water snake was at the pond in the beginning, but this time it is eaten. Moreover, a heron was flying away from the pond but now it stays to eat the first snake. It is a method used Steinbeck to foreshadow and illustrate the plot. The snake is predominantly regarded as malevolent and the heron as good which makes the event ironic. One could argue that the heron and water snake are used as metaphors and foreshadowing devices in the novella; Lennie is represented by the water snake and when Lennie scares away the second snake, perhaps he is replacing it. However, the killer will not be a heron, it will be another human George. In the opening section of the novella, Steinbeck wishes to portray the relationship between George and Lennie as leader and follower. Steinbeck highlights that they walked in single file down the narrow path and when they came into the open, one stayed behind the other; which immediately indicates that George is dominant in this comradeship, therefore Lennie is somewhat subordinate, dependent and incapable of looking after himself. This image illustrates that George acts as a parental figure and Lennie is similar to a shy child hiding behind a father. On entry, Steinbeck describes the two dichotomous characters. Instantaneously, George is identified as an itinerant migrant worker, because of the clothes he wears and possession he carries, for example: his hard wearing denim clothes; denim clothing was preferred clothing for farm labourers in America in the 1930s because it was resilient, robust and though suited for working. This is further emphasized by the fact that they are carrying tight blanket rolls which conveys the precarious lives of migrant workers. Steinbeck conveys to the reader that he is nomadic farm labourer seeking work as he is beating the hard-worn path taken by countless other migrant workers; Steinbeck portrays George as being observant and apprehensive due to his restless eyes and sharp strong features; which indicates that he is unable to relax because of the burden of his responsibilities. George has to look after the mentally retarded Lennie in order to keep him out of trouble and woe. George is symbolic of the everyman, a typical farm labourer and ordinary individual in 1930s America. On the other hand, Lennie is the complete opposite of George, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes with sloping shoulders; which indicates that he has the mental capacity of a child and the strength of a bulll and he is unable to control or even judge his own physical power. Steinbeck uses animal imagery as he predominantly compares Lennie with animals, dragging his feet a little the way a bear drags his paws emphasizes that he is a ponderous, powerful, imbecilic bear. Furthermore, dragging his paws like a bear depicts an image of a slow and overly large or obese man. Steinbeck also portrays Lennie snorting into water like a horse; Lennies actions are synonymous with an animal, unlike humans who cup their hands to drink water. This emphasizes that he will act upon an animal instinct nd his animal characteristics convey Lennies great strength that he is unaware of; this holds immense importance in the novel as it foreshadows the downfall of Lennie due to his powerful strength and animal instincts. George and Lennies dream plays an important role in the novella; their dream is to own a farm with lots of coloured rabbits and live off the fatta the lan. In this novella, dreams are one of the ways in which the characters combat the loneliness of their existence. For example: Curleys wifes dream is to become an actress in Hollywood. , Candy and Crookss dream is to join George and Lennies farm; none of the characters ever achieve their dreams. George and Lennies friendship keeps the dream alive, and Steinbeck uses other characters, such as Candy to cause the reader to believe that they might actually succeed in their goals; however, the dream is never fulfilled, as Lennies accident with Curleys wife destroys their unrealistic dream. By writing this, Steinbeck reinforces the significance and importance of the dream and Lennie to George. A method Steinbeck uses to present and develop the characters of George and Lennie is by the use of colloquial American dialect of the working man. George and Lennies colloquial dialect reveals to the reader that George and Lennie are poor and has a low hierarchy. The use of colloquial language helps the reader to engage with the characters and to have a better understanding of their feelings and ideas. Moreover, it reveals Lennies childish mentality to the reader as his language mimics that of a young child Another method Steinbeck uses to develop the characters is the cyclical structure. The novel opens with the description of a riverbed in rural California, a beautiful, wooded area at the base of golden foothill slopes. Steinbeck, then, introduces the two main characters, George and Lennie. At the end of the story, it ends with George and Lennie back where they started, by the river. The structure of this is a cycle; it goes back to the beginning. Steinbeck may have chosen to have a circular plot to show that no circle has an ending, in a way the plot is like a representation to show the dead end existence of the Great Depression. To A Mouse ,a poem written by Robert Burns in 1785, about a man who overturns the soil of a mouses nest in late autumn. In 1937, John Steinbecks novella Of Mice and Men was derived from Burns poem the best laid schemes omice an men/ Gang aft agley an lea e us nought but grief an pain for promisd joy. This line demonstrates us that instead of promised joy, people get shattered dreams, grief and pain; Robert Burns explains that no matter how best laid plans are, even the best of them can be ruined by a simple thing, for example; the mouses nest is easily destroyed and ruined by man. In the novella, George and Lennies American Dream is also easily shattered as everything goes wrong when Lennie accidentally kills Curleys wife. There are abundant similarities between the Burns poem and the novella, for example: mans dominion is the theme of both poem and novella. The line Im truly sorry mans dominion, has broken natures social union emphasizes that Robert Burns felt a great reverence towards animals, who do not have free will like humans do. He tries to explain that he could not help but having dominance over the mouse. In Steinbecks novella, Lennie also has dominance over animals, when he accidentally kills the mouse, the dog and Curleys wife because he has no control over his powerful physical strength. The message that Steinbeck wishes to convey to the reader about George and Lennie is a socialist theory and that everyone should have a role in society. In the novella, each different character represents a different group of people. George represents the everyman, as his lifestyle is simple and similar to other people in 1930s America. Lennie obviously represents the mentally handicapped who is not accepted in 1930s America. Moreover, Crooks is subject to discrimination; for instance, when he is forced to sleep in a separate room from the other labourers, his marginalized status becomes obvious. His plight epitomizes the ubiquitous segregation of color in 1930s America. While Candy represents what happens to everyone who gets old in 1930s American society. Steinbeck wishes to emphasize that everyone should have a role in society to prove the point to the reader that everyone is equal through unclouded eyes untampered by society.

Free Essays on Adolescent Eating Disorders

With children as early as age 7 showing dissatisfaction with their body, and as young as 9 starting dieting, eating disorders are a serious issue in our society. Taking a look at perceptions, behaviors, and medical issues associated with the disorders of anorexia and bulimia, scholars have tried to categorize and find answers to the problems which certain adolescents suffer. In this paper I focused on the two major eating disorders of anorexia and bulimia. In 1978, Brunch called anorexia nervosa a â€Å"new disease† and noted that the condition seemed to overtake â€Å"the daughters of the well-to-do, educated and successful families.† Today it is acknowledged and accepted that anorexia affects more than just one gender or socio-economic class; however, much of the current research is focused on the female gender. â€Å"Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme dieting, intense fear of gaining weight, and obsessive exercising. The weight loss eventually produces a variety of physical symptoms associated with starvation: sleep disturbance, cessation of menstruation, insensitivity to pain, loss of hair on the head, low blood pressure, a variety of cardiovascular problems and reduced body temperature. Between 10% and 15% of anorexics literally starve themselves to death; others die because of some type of cardiovascular dysfunction (Bee and Boyd, 2001).† Bulimia nervosa is a slightly less serious version of anorexia, but can lead to some of the same horrible results. Bulimia involves an intense concern about weight (which is generally inaccurate) combined with frequent cycles of binge eating followed by purging, through self-induced vomiting, unwarranted use of laxatives, or excessive exercising. Most bulimics are of normal body weight, but they are preoccupied with their weight, feel extreme shame about their abnormal behavior, and often experience significant depression. The occurrence of bulimia has increased in many West... Free Essays on Adolescent Eating Disorders Free Essays on Adolescent Eating Disorders With children as early as age 7 showing dissatisfaction with their body, and as young as 9 starting dieting, eating disorders are a serious issue in our society. Taking a look at perceptions, behaviors, and medical issues associated with the disorders of anorexia and bulimia, scholars have tried to categorize and find answers to the problems which certain adolescents suffer. In this paper I focused on the two major eating disorders of anorexia and bulimia. In 1978, Brunch called anorexia nervosa a â€Å"new disease† and noted that the condition seemed to overtake â€Å"the daughters of the well-to-do, educated and successful families.† Today it is acknowledged and accepted that anorexia affects more than just one gender or socio-economic class; however, much of the current research is focused on the female gender. â€Å"Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme dieting, intense fear of gaining weight, and obsessive exercising. The weight loss eventually produces a variety of physical symptoms associated with starvation: sleep disturbance, cessation of menstruation, insensitivity to pain, loss of hair on the head, low blood pressure, a variety of cardiovascular problems and reduced body temperature. Between 10% and 15% of anorexics literally starve themselves to death; others die because of some type of cardiovascular dysfunction (Bee and Boyd, 2001).† Bulimia nervosa is a slightly less serious version of anorexia, but can lead to some of the same horrible results. Bulimia involves an intense concern about weight (which is generally inaccurate) combined with frequent cycles of binge eating followed by purging, through self-induced vomiting, unwarranted use of laxatives, or excessive exercising. Most bulimics are of normal body weight, but they are preoccupied with their weight, feel extreme shame about their abnormal behavior, and often experience significant depression. The occurrence of bulimia has increased in many West...

Human Body Project Ideas for Biology and Behavior

Human Body Project Ideas for Biology and Behavior Human body science projects and studies allow us to get a better understanding of the human body. Not only do we gain an improved knowledge of anatomical functions, but we gain a greater understanding of human behavior as well. The following human body project ideas provide suggestions for topics that can be explored through experimentation. Behavioral Project Ideas Does your sense of smell alter your sense of taste?Which sense (taste, smell, touch) is best for identifying foods?Does music affect blood pressure?Does fear affect blood pressure? (Fear Science Project - Sample)How does caffeine affect the body?Does exercise affect memory retention?Does music affect hand-eye coordination?Does the weather affect a persons mood?Does playing video games affect a persons heart rate?Do colors affect a persons mood? (Colors and Mood Project - Sample)Does gender affect reaction time?Is yawning contagious?Does smiling affect a persons mood?Does human behavior change during a full moon?Does room temperature affect concentration?Does sight affect the ability to determine sound direction? Biological Project Ideas Does a persons BMI affect blood pressure?Do all people have the same normal body temperature?Which type of exercises increases muscle growth the most?How do various types of acid (phosphoric acid, citric acid, etc.) affect tooth enamel?Do a persons heart rate and blood pressure vary during the day?Does exercise affect lung capacity?Does blood vessel elasticity affect blood pressure?Is calcium necessary for bone strength?Does light intensity affect peripheral vision?Does eye color affect a persons ability to distinguish colors?Do different stressors ( heat, cold, etc.) affect nerve sensitivity?Do food smells affect saliva production? Human Body Information Need additional information about the human body for your project? These resources will help you get started: The human body is made up of several organ systems that work together as one unit. Find out what you need to know about organ systems.Have you ever wondered why certain sounds make you cringe? Learn about your five senses and how they work.The brain is a fascinating organ that directs a multitude of functions in the body. Discover how sweets can alter your brain, why swinging makes you fall asleep faster, and how video games affect brain function.Want to learn some interesting facts about the body? Discover 10 Fascinating Facts About Your Heart, 12 Facts About Your Blood, 10 Facts About Cells, and 8 Different Types of Body Cells. More Science Project Ideas For more information and ideas for science projects, see 30 Ideas for Animal Experiments and Projects, 22 Ideas for Science Experiments Using Plants, 8 Types of Biology-Based Science Fair Projects, Scientific Method Steps, and How to Write a Bibliography for a Science Fair Project. Science Models Constructing models is a fun and exciting way to learn about science. Try making a model of the lungs or making a DNA model using candy. It is important to note that just constructing a model is not an experiment. Models should be used to enhance your science project.

Battle of Tarawa Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Battle of Tarawa - Term Paper Example The battle was meant to stop the Japanese operations in the central regions of the pacific and the Americans initiated it. The United States marine force was the only ones that used amphibious warfare, but were opposed for the first time by the Japanese during this war. After this war, it was discovered that amphibious warfare played a big role in aiding military operations in inaccessible areas. The Political and Strategic Considerations Facing the Americans in the Central Pacific In 1943 Tarawa was the first attempt of the Americans to use amphibious warfare against a highly guarded beach. The United States were fighting to capture the island of Tarawa from the Japanese so that they could use it for their pacific military operations. During this time, the World War II was progressing into the pacific and the U.S navy needed a base in the east to launch their attacks. This was because they needed to be close to the places they were to launch attacks on and Tarawa provided the most v iable base (Tucker 515). The Marianas islands were also a strategic position for the United States navy to launch attacks and hound the Japanese away. These islands provided a close range to access the Philippines, Japan and other areas in the pacific. The islands of Tarawa provided a good base that the United States military would use to capture the Marianas islands hence they needed to base their operation there so that they could capture the Island easily by attacking the Japanese army. The Japanese also knew the importance of this island sand they had increased their defense over the land so that they could use it to conduct their defense operations. The battle started on November 20, 1943 and lasted for three days, but it is among the most callous assaults involving the marines. Since the islands were inaccessible, the United States marine used the sea to launch attacks on the Japanese soldiers who had not incorporated this technology into their defense mechanisms. The United S tates believed that the Japanese could only be defeated by amphibious attacks and they had strategized to defeat Germany, increase pressure on Japan to leave the islands and to keep China in the war (Langone 363). Why the Central Pacific Drive Begun In the Gilbert Islands The central pacific drive was stated in the Gilbert Islands because of their strategic position. They were a territory of the British but were taken up by the Japanese in 1941.they are north and west of other islands that were owned by the Japanese and were south and east of other important bases suitable for defense. These islands provided a suitable place for the Japanese forces to get access to the other parts of their territory since it was accessible unlike other areas. The United States navy aimed at this island so that they could secure a base for attacks on the Japanese. This island would offer good communication channels and other services that would aid in increasing pressure on the Japanese. Attacks from the gilberts islands would foster the United States efforts to attack the Japanese strong holds and this is why capturing the Gilbert Islands was of significant importance. The Key Operational Concerns during the Planning Of Operation Galvanic The Operation Galvanic was started by the United States navy and was intended to take over control of the Gilbert Island

Money,banking and the federal reserve system Essay

Money,banking and the federal reserve system - Essay Example In order to ensure a balance of the bank reserves and to control the monetary base, the Federal Reserve was established. For efficient use of money in the United States, the Banks and the Federal Reserve work together. Money is the most widely used liquid asset in the world today. Cash is the liquid form of money that is applicable and usable in many of the small and medium business ventures. However, there are other forms of money acceptable in many places. These include traveler’s checks, and checkable bank deposits. Money has the capability of generating gains from trading activities since its nature allows indirect exchange. It also provides a uniform way of transacting given that every product or service can be exchanged with money. It contradicts the barter system of trade (Krugman 412). Money plays three main functions in the United States economy. Firstly, it the sole medium of exchange across the country, it is possible to obtain any goods and services in exchange of money. This medium of exchange lacks the capability to be consumed hence it has to be applied in obtaining consumable goods and pay fro services. Hard economic times have called for use of different monetary forms. This has been evident in some Latin American countries that have resulted into the use of the American dollar, a situation also seen in Eastern Europe where they have used Euros. Secondly, it is used as a store of value, meaning money has the ability to purchase power over a given period. Other assets complement money as a store of value but its uniqueness is that its value appreciates in most cases. Lastly, money is a unit of account. In accounting, money is widely accepted as the medium of setting prices and calculating the value of other assets 413-414. The concept of money has continued to change with time. In historical times, silver and gold were considered as the medium of exchange, this was facilitated by their valuable nature in making of making of ornaments and jewellery. Around independence time in 1776, paper money was getting used to complement the gold and the silver coins. The transition saw the introduction of commodity-backed money that whose value was dependent on the promise that it could be possible to turn it into value on demand. (Krugman 414).To further enhance the monetary form, the United States Dollar was adopted as a generally acceptable mode of transacting in exchange of goods and services. This introduced the so-called fiat money that derives its value from the official status it adopts. This type of money has advantages over the former types in that it does not use other resources apart from the material used in its making and secondly, its supply can be regulated to take care of specific economic needs. However, the challenge remains in production of fake currency (Krugman 415). There are two types of monetary aggregates, denoted by the Federal Reserve as M1 and M2. M1 entails the cash, traveller’s checks and ch eckable bank deposits. Other near-moneys are inclusive in M2. In the United States, year 2011 September, M1 was equivalent to $2,136.9 billions while M2 was $9,603.6 billions of dollars (Krugman 416). Near-moneys are accompanied by interests that the cash dos not, this is the reason why they pay higher interests than checkable bank deposits. Banks plays a critical role in the money industry in the United States and all over the world. It is evident that banks play a role in linking the Federal Reser

Team Decision Making For At-Risk Families Essay Example for Free

Team Decision Making For At-Risk Families Essay Team decision making in regards to at risk-families involves supportive individuals who collaborate together to making decisions that will affect a child in the protection of the social welfare system placement. Batterson, et al, (Batterson, et.al, 2007, p.5) states, â€Å"Team decision making utilizes the strength based resources of the family, extended family, and community in making decisions of placement for at-risk children who are in the care of child welfare.† This approach is important because it allows for individuals to come together to discuss and collaborate on placement solution in placing a child. In collaboration with the social worker those involved with team decision making are able to provide valuable information, resources and placement solutions that child welfare alone could not provide. Values and Beliefs of Team Decision Making The underlying values and beliefs of team decision making below are as stated by Edward Sagatun-Edward (Edward, J.L Sagatun-Edward I, 2007, p. 4) according to the Annie E. Casey Foundation are: ââ€" ª Families have strengths and can change families have the tools and resources that are needed in making decisions that can effect change. ââ€" ª We must set up opportunities for families to show their strengths –families must be provided with opportunities to demonstrate their strengths in making decisions ââ€" ª A group can usually be more effective in making good decisions than an individual – when a group collaborate there is an influx of ideas and solutions rather than one person trying to figure out a solution. ââ€" ª Families are experts about themselves – families know the inner working of the family dynamics and can relate to others about what is going on than someone else. They know the beliefs and values that are with their unique family structure. ââ€" ª When families are included in the decision making, they are capable of identifying their own needs and strengths – Instead of outsiders trying to determine and identify the family’s needs the family is able voice their needs as they identify the needs of the family and what they can contribute through their strengths. ââ€" ª Members of the family’s own community add value to the process by serving as natural allies to the family and as experts regarding the community’s resources – Relatives, friends, community leaders are valuable in TDM because they bring a different perspective in supporting the family with their resources. Team Decision Making Models Family Group Conferencing FGC is a model that is used to bring together a child, an immediate or extended family member and a child protection professional to resolve family issues in regards to child protection. These individuals will air out issues, come to a resolution of issues and develop a plan for future action ((Huntsman, 2006, p.1) Child Protection Mediation – CPM is a collaborative problem solving process involving an unbiased person who facilitates constructive mediation and communication between parents, lawyers, and child protection professionals in coming to an agreement on how to resolve concerns when a child is alleged to have been victim of maltreatment (Guidelines for Child Mediation, 2011, p.5). Wraparound Services Wraparound is an intensive, comprehensive model of engaging with children, youth, and their families who have complex needs so that the child or youth will not be uprooted from their homes or communities and in the process helping them to realiz e their hopes and dreams (Wraparound Basics, 2012). Family Finding Developed by Kevin A. Campbell is a model that offers techniques to track down and involve relatives of children currently displaced out of there natural home environment. The goal of Family Finding is to connect each child with a family member or relative, so that every child may benefit from the lifelong connections that only a family provides (National Institute For Permanent Family Connectedness, 2012). Emancipation Conferences An emancipation conference brings the youth together with family, professionals, and significant individuals in the youths life to establish a plan for the time when the youth will reach adulthood and age out of the child welfare system protection (Edward, J.L Sagatun-Edward, D. I, 2007, p. 9). Advantages of Team Decision Making Team decision making in regards to at-risk families has many advantages. Some advantages according to American Humane Association are: FGDM keeps children safe, result in more permanent placements, decrease the need for foster care, maintain family bonds, and increase family well-being (American Humane Association, 2010, p.1). Also according to De La Cruz, TDM relieves the caseworker from making difficult decision on own and when family members are allowed to get involved with the decision making process they are more apt in participating in decisions that are made in order to keep family intact (De La Cruz, L, 2007, p. 30). Barriers of Team Decision Making According to Edward Sagatun-Edward some barriers to team decision making is the capital it would take to implement the different team decision making models, the need for further staff training and development, and would add more stress to already overworked social workers (Edward, J.L Sagatun-Edward, D. I, 2007, p. 10). Although, these are barriers Edward Sagatun-Edward mention in the long run the cost would be nominal when considering the cost of keeping children in foster care and in the criminal justice system when they reach adulthood. Team Decision Making Impact schools Team decision making may impact schools in regards to working with an at-risk student by bringing together the student guardian or trusted friend, teacher and school social worker or psychologist to collaborate and make a decision on what steps need to be taken to ensure basic needs and educational needs are being met. For example, a student who suffers from oppositional defiant disorder risk being put into the juvenile court system due to truancy issues, risk being tossed out of his home and is on the verge of failing all of his courses. Team decision making can be utilized to make decisions on getting the youth on the right path. This would involve collaborating with the youth, family members or relative, school psychologist or social worker to discuss the underlying issues of what is really going on with the student and then coming to a consensus on a decision and plan of action to improve the student situation. This is just one way team decision making can impact schools. The important thing to remember is that in order to ensure a successful team decision method is effective is to have a strength-based mindset that involves the belief that everyone has strength and resources they can contribute to solve a solution. If this is taking into consideration within the school system there would be more freedom to collaborate in helping to solve difficult decisions. References Batterson, M., Crampton, D., Crea, T., Harris, F., Abramson Madden, A., Usher, L., Williams, J. (2007, February). Implementing Family to Family. Retrieved December 17, 2012, from http://www.unc.edu/~lynnu/ImpleF2F.pdf Child Welfare Policy Briefing: Family Group Decision Making. (2010, August 2). American Humane Association, 1(3), 1. Retrieved from http://www.americanhumane.org/assets/pdfs/children/advocacy/111th-fgdm.pdf De La Cruz, L. (2009). Implementation and Effectiveness of Team Decision Making In Sacramento County Child Welfare (Masters thesis). Retrieved December 17, 2012, from http://csus-dspace.calstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10211.9/1049/LDCOMPLETETHESIS.pdf?sequence=4 Edwards, J.L. Sagatun-Edwards, D.I. (2007). The transition to group decision making in child protection cases: Obtaining better results for children and families. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 58(1). Retrieved from http://nc.casaforchildren.org/files/public/community/judges/July_2011/EDWARDS_Group_Decision_Making.pdf Guidelines for Child Protection Mediation (2011, November). Retrieved December 17, 2012, from http://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/CPM_Guidelines.pdf Huntsman, L. (2006, July). Family group conferencing in a child welfare context. Retrieved December 17, 2012, from http://www.community.nsw.gov.au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/research_family_conferencing.pdf What is Family Finding and Permanency (2012). In National Institute For Permanent Family Connectedness. Retrieved December 17, 2012, from http://www.familyfinding.org/ Wraparound basics (2012). In National

My Sport Essay -- Personal Narrative

My Sport It all started when I was about eleven or twelve years old. By that time, I was already used to being the tallest girl in class. I caught the attention of all my gym teachers and was about to become a goal to basketball coaches. The sport seemed cool, but something I had never thought about. Time went by and the coaches insisted I should play. I was finally persuaded. â€Å"Why not give it a try?† I thought. I went to camps, practices, a whole process, and learned to sympathize with the sport. Basketball came easy to me and after a while, I became a decent player. I continued to play through junior high school, but it wasn’t until high school that I realized it wasn’t my sport. There, I found a whole diversity of sports, some of which I had never heard of. One day, the crew coach...

Ethics and Morality Essay

There is an inherent question on the basis of morality and whether or not it is a man-made, almost religious invention or if it is intrinsic to our beings as humans. I think that the rope that is the argument between is too complicated and tightly knotted to have a short conversation about, but by fraying the ends of the rope we can inevitably decide that morality is innate and that religion may have a part in building upon it, but not in creating it. The curiosity behind the topic of morality is normally fashioned by religious arguments for the assumption that a deity endowed us as humans with some sort of moral compass. However, by searching the brain for its different functions and activities during moral dilemmas and religious interactions, along with historical clues and a little knowledge of sociology, determining that morality is not created, only built upon, is inevitable. Morality is defined as normatively to refer to a code of conduct that, given specified conditions, would be put forward by all rational persons (Stanford). With this as a definition, the first question to rises is the following: What is one moral action that a believer can do that a non-believer cannot do? There are few answers to the inverse, if any, but non-believers do not pose that they have any stronger of a moral compass than believers, while believers do. It is incredibly important to think about an answer to this question because if there truly is no answer to this challenge, then a road has been paved toward an objective that we can already see, which is that being ethical and moral is not necessarily a religious view, so such claims can immediately be cast off and the topic can stay on a strictly scientific road. Now the consideration lies upon what is deemed as an ethical person. Is the president ethical in his decisions? Is a doctor ethical in his decisions? Of course, there is an ethical code in these circles, but does that immediately mean that any decisions outside of the codes are immoral? A moral person is normally described as somebody who takes into account the possible consequences of his or her actions and rationally decides on a choice based on how it may affect those around him. We call these people morally good because their contributions to whomever they are around are normally well thought-out, harmless contributions to the topic. However, this is simply a definition, and the person is simply his or her self. Take into account the thoughts of those around the subject. A religiously-convicted man would say that his religion is the reason for his good nature, while one not necessarily supporting religion would say that he is simply a good person. As an aside, there are multiple people who would take the chance to point out many historically immoral figures, such as Mao Zedong, Stalin, Pol Pot, who were atheistic. While it is true that these figures were indeed non-believers, it is important to distinguish the reasons for their immorality. It was not based on religion, but rather by social constructs and a greed for power that caused them to act out. Some may cite Hitler as an atheist as well, but they’d be digging their own grave. Hitler, in Mein Kampf, even gives credit to the Christian god, and had religious inscriptions on every Nazi-uniform belt. To get back to the previous point, it is important to take into account what those around the subject would perceive, and although the religiously-convicted man might have millions of people around the world following his train of thought, research done Dr. Pyssiainen and Dr. Hauser from the departments of Psychology and Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University offers an interesting perspective on the topic: â€Å"†¦Despite differences in, or even an absence of, religious backgrounds, individuals show no difference in moral judgments for unfamiliar moral dilemmas. The research suggests that intuitive judgments of right and wrong seem to operate independently of explicit religious commitments. † Pyssiainen’s and Hauser’s study grants us that although religious backgrounds may indeed build upon moral constructs, as good religion is only positively influential to a good person, a complete lack of religious background is perfectly plausible if an individual wishes to be moral because moral judgments are not linked to religious commitments. This finding is absolutely crucial to determining whether or not morality is man-made or inherent to humans because it breaks the perceived bond between belief and morality. So their contribution to the topic has been seen through and accepted as a welcome source of reference. However, it is essential to look at the other side of the argument. Which studies show that seem to show that religion is a key factor in morality? Unfortunately, they are found few and far between. As a matter of fact, there are literally no scientific studies that show religion is crucial in the formation of morality. It’s widely granted that religion, in some aspects, can further construct upon morality and cause others to be exceedingly altruistic and generous, and that is conceded by Paul Bloom of Yale University, but it is not a formative agent. In his paper, â€Å"Religion, Morality, Evolution,† he accepts that religion can be a guiding influence on a positive path. However, he points out that it is by no means the reason for morality, and that religion itself may just be an accident by which humans needed an answer to questions that they couldn’t fathom without the help of a deity. Necessity dictates that there should be some rather fueled individuals on a topic as flammable as the topic of morality and religion. Speaking as an outsider looking in, I cannot very well use the words of Christopher Hitchens, though I would love to dearly, because he was so against religion. While he was indeed logical in most of his claims, he was a self-described anti-theist, meaning that he was against a spectating deity who watched over each individual. Thus, his words would seem rather biased. However, Richard Dawkins, an evolutionary biologist, and Sam Harris, a well-known neuroscientist, are individuals who speak strictly through logical and provable means. Richard Dawkins posed the same point as Paul Bloom that religion is most likely an accident through evolution that was used as a possible answer to the world’s greatest questions, and Harris poses multiple reasonable points. The most relevant, though, is that if the bible were the only book in the world, it would be rational to use it as a basis for morality. However, because the bible is not the only book in the world and society is far more civilized now than it was when the bible was conceived, it is reasonable to assume that the bible is not the best book for building a moral compass. To end on a rather short note, there are few, if any, scientific studies arguing that religion is the factory that builds moral compasses. However, there are studies being conducted which follow Pyssiainen’s and Hauser’s and should end up corroborating their finds that morality works independently of religious constructs and confines. Thus, it is both rational and reasonable to assume that, after looking through history at the reasons for extreme wrongdoings and the social situations that facilitated them, and the evidence against opposing claims, morality is indeed intrinsic to our human nature and that it is simply augmented by outside forces, such as good religion. References Bloom, Paul, Religion, Morality, Evolution (January 2012). Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 63, pp. 179-199, 2012. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1982949 or http://dx. doi. org/10. 1146/annurev-psych-120710-100334 Cell Press (2010, February 9). Morality research sheds light on the origins of religion. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 12, 2013, from http://www. sciencedaily. com /releases/2010/02/100208123625. htm Harris, Sam. Letter to a Christian Nation. New York: Random House, Print. Harris, Sam. The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason. New York: W. W. Norton, Print. Pyysiainen, Hauser et al. The origins of religion Q1 : evolved adaptation or by-product? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, February 8, 2010 â€Å"The Nature of Morality and Moral Theories. † Morality and Moral Theories. University of San Diego. Web. 12 May 2013. .

Court Visit Report

Court visit report My first court visit was a civil appeal case under the hierarchy of appellant jurisdiction at the Intermediate court and my second visit was a criminal case under the original of criminal jurisdiction at the district court. Both courts are found in Port Louis, Mauritius. The difference between the two courts is that the appellant jurisdiction was already heard in a lower court whereas the criminal jurisdiction was heard for the first time in the lower court.The atmosphere and the surrounding of the courts were nearly the same as both had magistrate seat and desk, advocate seat and desk, benches, microphones, speakers, air conditioning system, witness box, bright lighting system and smoke detector. The differences between the courts were that in the intermediate court there was a computer and in the district court there was an accused box. In the court of appeal, the magistrate; in a black gown behind his desk on the podium, was facing the people.There was a court u sher in a suit who was passing documents and evidences to the magistrate and a formally dressed person in front the computer who was recording the proceedings. Both lawyers in black gowns sat on the first bench. Just behind their lawyers, formally dressed, sat both claimant and defendant. Both the court of appeal and the district court function in nearly the same way. The only difference is that in the latter the accused had no lawyer to represent him and hence he sat with the audience. A quite friendly atmosphere prevailed in both courts.Their ushers gave me the cases’ histories, details and facts. In the court of appeal, the lawyers were exchanging words with their client and I even got the opportunity to interview the claimant, the defendant and even the lawyers. In the district court I interviewed the accused who was sitting next to me and was rather stressed. In each court, when the magistrate came, the people stood up to show respect and remained silent. In the court of appeal Mrs Bibi Fatima Rughoonauth filed a civil suit against the Commissioner of Police for unlawful arrest.In the preceding civil case, she was accused of molesting a police officer on duty as â€Å"lichien (dog)†. When the proceeding started, the witnesses; all police officers in uniform, were individually called by the court usher so as to maintain confidentiality. Each witness went in the witness box and presented himself. The statement of police was read as evidence for cross examination. During interrogation, the magistrate even had to intervene once as the witness was not responding. During her interrogation of the witness, the defendant’s lawyer refuted the points raised by the plaintiff’s lawyer.After the second witness’s interrogation, the third one came and the plaintiff’s lawyer questioned him in such a persuasive and enforcing way that he cracked under the strain and revealed the truth. Due to time constraint, no verdict was given an d the case was postponed. In the district court, Mr Brado Michel Nicolas was prosecuted for breaching the road traffic act (amendment) 2003. The accused had a car accident and went to the police station to give his statement. He gave an alcohol test which came positive. Mr B. M. Nicolas; casually dressed, came in the accused box upon the court officer’s call.He was asked by the magistrate to remove his hands from his pockets as such act caused disrespect to court. The magistrate asked Mr B. M. Nicolas if he pleaded guilty but the latter requested the magistrate if he could hear his statement given in the police station once again. Then a police officer presented himself in front of the magistrate and read the statement of the witness in the witness box. Then Mr B. M. Nicolas pleaded guilty. The magistrate held the accused to pay a fine of Rs 3,100 (three thousand and one hundred Mauritian rupees).According to me it was a fair trial. Changes which I believe would help in maint aining order in the court and also its dignity are as follows: 1. A normal person, unaware of court functioning, should be briefed as when I was there, due to lack of information a witness went in the accused box and had to be guided to the witness box by the court officer. 2. Equipments in such an important and sensitive place as a court should be working properly since during my visit the microphones and speakers were not working and hence the court proceedings could not be heard properly.

Unique Behaviors of Domestic Cats in Their Natural

Unique Behaviors of Domestic Cats in Their Natural Abstract Historically, for the last 9500 years, people have been domesticating cats. Evolutionary studies show that cats depict evolutionary behaviors such as territory marking, grooming, mating, social organization, and communication. Based on evolutionary studies, this study focuses on making observation of evolutionary behaviors that entail territory marking.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Unique Behaviors of Domestic Cats in Their Natural specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The findings revealed that, while scratching and rubbing against objects are common cat behaviors, urinating and defecating are rare behaviors of marking territory. Ultimately, although the study had limitation due to lack of control experiments, it revealed that cats need expansive environment for them to wander and expand their territory. Introduction Domestic cats are good pets because they do not only offer companionship to human beings but also help in eradication of rodents in homesteads. Domestic cats frequently interact with human beings because they live together in the house and share the same environment. Due to their smooth hair, flexible bodies, and friendliness, human beings have taken them as pets that live indoors. Moreover, since domestic cats are carnivores, they hunt for rodents in the homestead, thus help human beings in keeping rodents away from their houses. Domestic cats have unique behaviors in that although they are social animals, they spend great deal of their time in solitude except during mating or when nurturing their kids. Living with human beings, cats wander within a home range or neighborhood, making it possible to observe their wandering habits and unique behaviors that they portray. Many studies have attempted to elucidate unique evolutionary behaviors of cats since they share same environment with people and other domestic animals. The studies seek to explain how cats associate and communicate among themselves. In addition, the studies also seek to establish how cats interact and associate harmoniously with people and other domesticated animals in the homestead and within their environment in the neighborhood. As aforementioned, Blackshaw notes that, cats depict diverse evolutionary behaviors such as territory marking, grooming, communication, social organization and mating (64).Advertising Looking for term paper on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In territory marking, cats employ variety of strategies including scratching of objects, urinating, defecating and cheek rubbing. Territory marking is very important in warning and keeping away other cats from intruding into marked territories. Cats also depict grooming behavior because they often lick and scratch their fur when resting to ensure that their bodies are clean and free from any parasites. In terms of communication, cats have va rious ways of communication such as purring, meowing, grunting, and hissing depending on their moods and environment. Although cats are solitary animals, social organization is common during mating, as dominant males tend to suppress other males and expel them from their territory forcing them to live solitary lives or change their environment. Thus, aforementioned behaviors are evolutionary behaviors that cats portray under their natural settings. The objective of the study is to examine how cats mark their territories as an evolutionary behavior that makes them dominant in their environment. Homestead or neighborhood provides natural settings for cats to express their evolutionary behavior of territory marking. In this case, naturalistic observation of the behaviors of cats involving territory marking in a homestead and neighborhood correlates with literature since the cats are in their natural setting that is free from any undue interference, which may considerably change their b ehaviors. Herron and Buffington argue that, for cats to express their evolutionary behaviors, they need natural environment to promote their health and welfare conditions (1). Thus, for cats to express evolutionary behaviors that involve territory marking effectively, outdoor environment in a homestead or neighborhood is imperative. The study hypothesized that cats demonstrate unique behaviors in outdoor environment that aim at marking their territory. Therefore, since cats demonstrate unique behaviors that have evolutionary significance, what are the evolutionary behaviors of territory marking that are observable in a natural setting? Naturalistic Observation Under environmental conditions of homestead and neighborhood, I made natural observation of unique behaviors of cats while focusing on evolutionary behaviors of territory marking. Critical observation of the cats showed that they move about in the homestead or neighborhood as they mark their territories using various means inc luding scratching of objects, cheek rubbing, urinating, and defecating.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Unique Behaviors of Domestic Cats in Their Natural specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the experiment, I observed how male domestic cats behave while wandering in the homestead and I noted that they were portraying evolutionary behavior that involved marking of territory. The cats went about scratching objects using their paws and rubbing their cheeks against objects. These behaviors were quite dominant because there are many objects in the environment that the cats encountered and they ensured that they scratched or rubbed themselves against all the available objects. Hence, objects such as wood, trees, rocks, and poles are very important for the cats since they are territorial markers. Urinating and defecating were rare behaviors that the cat displayed but it entailed digging of a shallow hole, urinating or defecating on it, and eventually covering it up using soil. The uniqueness of urination and defecation is that the cat performed it on peripheral parts of its territory. Implication of Naturalistic Observation The unique behaviors of cats that entail marking of territory showed that cats need expansive territory. Although cats are domestic animals, keeping them indoors and providing enough food is not enough because they need to explore their territory and expand it by marking the appropriate boundaries. Indoor environment is too small for cats to roam and interact with other cats during mating. Studies have shown that male dominance in certain environment depends on the extent of territory. Size of territory determines males’ dominance during mating season for they wander expansively in search of females on heat. Observation made on cats restricted to live indoors showed that they portray scratching and rubbing behaviors but on limited frequency for they experience a lot of interference in the house. According to Rochlitz, people who domesticate cats need to simulate indoor environment to reflect outdoor environment and allow cats to wander freely so that they can exercise their evolutionary behaviors of marking their territory (102). This implies that, natural outdoor setting provides a good environment for the cats to mark their territories so long as it is free from interferences that emanate from noise, dogs, other dominating cats and disturbing children. Thus, evolutionary behaviors of territory marking can effectively happen in natural setting where cats have freedom to explore their environment and interact with other cats during mating.Advertising Looking for term paper on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Limitation of the Research The study of evolutionary behaviors of cats, which involved observing behaviors of territory marking in their natural setting, had limitations because it had no control experiment for comparison. The study would have been conclusive if there were an artificial environment where researcher could observe how territorial marking of boundaries occurs relative to natural setting. Moreover, given that a cat is a domestic animal that has evolved from wilderness, it is very difficult to define precisely its natural setting. Thus, the research assumed that the favorable natural setting for a cat is a homestead environment because it is expansive and has rodents that cats can hunt. According to Hall, evolutionary cat behaviors are not only dependent on environment, but also on other factors such as availability of food and social interactions with other cats (144). When cats are well fed and have good relationships with other cats, they tend to play more as compared to instances when they are hungry and are facing impending social threats from other cats. Therefore, the study did not consider assessing whether the cats were optimally expressing their behaviors with respect to presence of environmental threats and hunger. Future Direction of the Research Due to limitation, the study recommends that future researchers should consider carrying out control experiments under artificial setting to give an insight into evolutionary behaviors of territory marking. Since cats have no specific natural setting, future research should focus on defining appropriate environmental conditions that are essential in optimization behaviors among cats. Warren argues that, varied animal species, which have undergone evolution for centuries, have diverged and specialized into diverse ecological niches (582). Therefore, for future researchers to come up with comprehensive view on evolutionary behavior of territory marking, they need to understand the evolution proce ss and environments that favor territory marking in cats to eliminate confounding variables. Conclusion For the last 9500 years, human beings have been cats and they have proved to be the best pets that can stay both indoors and outdoors. Evolutionary studies reveal that cats have various evolutionary behaviors that enable them to survive under varied environmental conditions. Such behaviors include, territory marking, communication, grooming, social organization, and mating. This study carried out observation to confirm how cats depict the evolutionary behavior of marking their territory. The observations revealed that, cats frequently scratch and rub themselves against objects in their environment to leave a special scent that shows their presence and thus scare away other intruding cats. Moreover, the findings showed that cats urinate and defecate at specific points in their territory, hence providing a way of marking their boundaries. The observations made implied that cats need expansive environment where they can wander and expand their territories. Although the study findings revealed that cat behaviors in their natural setting entail marking of territory, the study had limitations because there was no control experiment of an artificial environment. Thus, the study concludes that evolutionary cat behaviors involving territory marking are complex and require comprehensive studies. Blackshaw, Judith. â€Å"The Behaviour of Cats and Dogs.† Applied Animal Behavior  Science, 2001: 63-68. Hall, Sarah. The Influence of Hunger on Object Play by Adult Domestic Cats.† Applied Animal Behaviour Science 58.2 (2006): 143–150. Herron, Meghan, and Buffington, Tony. â€Å"Environmental Enrichment for Indoor Cats.†Ã‚  MediMedia Animal Health, 2010:1-7. Rochlitz, Ian. â€Å"A Review of the Housing Requirements of Domestic Cats.† Applied  Animal Behavior Science 97.3 (2005): 97-109). Warren, John. â€Å"Evolution, Behavior and the P refrontal Cortex.† Animal Behavior Laboratory, (2003): 581-593.

English-Spanish Basketball Glossary

English-Spanish Basketball Glossary If you want to talk basketball in Spanish, here are the words to do it. Since its origins in the late 18th century in Massachusetts, basketball has become an international sport. But it continues to be dominated by the United States, so it shouldnt be surprising that much of the Spanish-language vocabulary of the game comes from English. In fact, even in Spanish-speaking countries, English terms may be understood more readily than their Spanish equivalents. The Spanish vocabulary for the sport developed somewhat independently in various regions, so terms can vary not only between Spain and Latin America, but even between neighboring countries. Even the name of the game isnt uniform throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The vocabulary below represents some of the most common terms used by Spanish speakers, but it shouldnt be considered complete. Basketball Terms In Spanish air ball - el air ballassist (noun) - la asistenciabackboard - el tablerobank shot - el tiro a tablabasket (goal) - el cesto, la canastabasket (score) - la canasta, el encestebasketball (ball) - el balà ³n, la pelotabasketball (game) - el baloncesto, el bsquetbol, el basquetbol, el bsquetbox score - el box score, el sumariocenter - el/la pà ­votcheerleader - la animadora, el animador, el/la cheerleadercoach - el entrenador, la entrenadoracorner - la esquinacourt (playing field) - la pista, la canchadefend - defenderdribble (noun) - el drible, la finta, la bota, el dribblingdribble (verb) - driblardunk (noun) - el mate, el dunkfast break - el ataque rpido, el contraataqueforward - el/la alerofree throw - el tiro librehalf, quarter (period of play) - el periodo, el perà ­odohook shot - el ganchojump ball - el salto entre dosjump pass - el pase en suspensià ³njump shot - el tiro en suspensià ³nkey - la botella, la zona de tres segundosman-to-man (defense) - (la defensa) hombre a hombre, (la defensa) al hombreoffense - el ataqueovertime - la prà ³rroga, el tiempo aà ±adido, el tiempo extrapass (noun) - el pasepass (verb) - pasarpersonal foul - la falta personalpivot (verb) - pivotearplay (noun, as in three-point play) - la jugada (la jugada de tres puntos)player - el jugador, la jugadora, el/la baloncestistaplayoff - la liguilla, la eliminatoria, el playoffpoint (score) - el puntopoint guard - el/la base, el armador, la armadorapost - el postepower forward - el/la alero fuerte, el/la ala-pà ­votpress (noun) - la presià ³nrebound (noun) - el reboterebound (verb) - rebotarrecord  -   el rà ©cordreferee - el/la rbitro, el/la refereerookie - el novato, la novata, el/la rookiescreen (noun) - el bloqueoscreen (verb) - bloquearscrimmage - la escaramuzaseason - la temporadaseed, seeded (as in a tournament)  -   la clasificacià ³n, clasificadoshoot - tirarshooting guard - el/la escoltashot - el tiroteam - el equipotechnical foul - la falta tà ©cnicatimeout - el tiempo muertotip-off  -   salto entre dostournament - el torneoturnover - el balà ³n perdido, la pelota perdida, el turnoverwarmup - el calentamientowing - el/la alerozone defense - la defensa en zonazone offense - el ataque zonalzone press - el marcaje en zona Sample Spanish Sentences About Basketball These sentences have been adapted from current online publications to show how these words are used in real life. Cuando caigo hago dos movimiento de pivot y luego paso la pelota. (When I fall, I do two pivoting movements and then I pass the ball.)Pà ©rez convirtià ³ una jugada de tres puntos con 18.2 segundos por jugar en el tiempo extra. (Pà ©rez converted a three-point play with 18.2 seconds left in overtime.)Los ganadores de cada regià ³n avanzan a la Final Four. (The winners in each region adance to the Final Four. Final Four is feminine because the reference is to la ronda Final Four, or the Final Four round.)La temporada 2018-19 de la NBA es la septuagà ©simo tercera  temporada de la historia de la competicià ³n. (The 2018-19 season of the NBA is the 73rd season in the history of the competition. Note that the abbreviation NBA is treated as feminine because asociacià ³n, the word for association, is feminine.)El proceso de clasificacià ³n para el torneo de la NCAA consta de los torneos de cada conferencia. (The seeding process for the NCAA tpournament is made up of the tournamen ts of each conferencia.)El torneo es de eliminacià ³n directa y no existen partidos de consolacià ³n. (The tournament is single-elimination and there are no consolation games.) Dos tiros libres dieron la victoria a los Bulls. (Two free throws gave the win to the Bulls.)Una falta personal implica un contacto con el adversario mientras el balà ³n est en juego. (A personal foul involves contact with an opposing player while the ball is in play.)

Response to Intervention (RTI) model Assignment

Response to Intervention (RTI) model - Assignment Example This diversity in terms of culture, language, has infiltrated in to the mainstream education system in the city. Most of the mainstream schools also have students with special needs who need special care to ensure they benefit from the education system just like other students. As an English teacher in the city, with a diverse group of students, I have to develop strategies aimed at ensuring inclusiveness in my teaching approach, more especially because a majority of the students in the school speak Chinese and English will only be a second language to them. I have to create a good learning environment for non- English speakers as well as those students with special needs to feel comfortable throughout the learning process and benefit from the education albeit their differences. Education should be a uniting factor in such diverse mainstream schools where people from different backgrounds come together to share ideas, knowledge and learning experiences. In order to ensure inclusivene ss in my role as the English teacher, I would employ the use of Response to intervention (RTI) model. The Response to Intervention (RTI) model is very important in the provision of inclusive education to a diverse group of students. ... rning disabilities or even any other disabilities that may hinder the students from fully concentrating on their education and getting the best outcomes possible. The Retention to Intervention (RTI) model can therefore be defined as a general framework of education that involves research based interventions and instructions and regular structures of monitoring the progress of students in the learning process as well as the subsequent application of these data and information over time in order to make useful educational decisions (Klingner, 2006). One of the main advantages of the RTI model is the use of scientifically based interventions whose effectiveness has already been determined through scientific experiments in various randomly controlled trials. One of the main goals and objectives of the RTI model is to apply the concepts of accountability to educational programs by allowing teachers to focus only on those programs that have been scientifically proved to work rather than re lying on programs that seem to be simple and easier to use. The RTI model is a multi-tier strategic approach that promotes early identification of children with learning and behavioral needs in a diverse learning environment. The model employs various techniques and approaches to ensure the students’ needs are addressed and fully met so as to ensure positive learning outcomes for all students (Gresham, et al. 2004). The model can be used for by both regular and special needs education teachers who have a group of highly diversified students with different leaning and behavioral needs. The process starts with a general universal screening of all the students in a class room and the use of high quality instructions. After the screening process, the learners identified to be struggling are