Free Essays on Adolescent Eating Disorders

With children as early as age 7 showing dissatisfaction with their body, and as young as 9 starting dieting, eating disorders are a serious issue in our society. Taking a look at perceptions, behaviors, and medical issues associated with the disorders of anorexia and bulimia, scholars have tried to categorize and find answers to the problems which certain adolescents suffer. In this paper I focused on the two major eating disorders of anorexia and bulimia. In 1978, Brunch called anorexia nervosa a â€Å"new disease† and noted that the condition seemed to overtake â€Å"the daughters of the well-to-do, educated and successful families.† Today it is acknowledged and accepted that anorexia affects more than just one gender or socio-economic class; however, much of the current research is focused on the female gender. â€Å"Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme dieting, intense fear of gaining weight, and obsessive exercising. The weight loss eventually produces a variety of physical symptoms associated with starvation: sleep disturbance, cessation of menstruation, insensitivity to pain, loss of hair on the head, low blood pressure, a variety of cardiovascular problems and reduced body temperature. Between 10% and 15% of anorexics literally starve themselves to death; others die because of some type of cardiovascular dysfunction (Bee and Boyd, 2001).† Bulimia nervosa is a slightly less serious version of anorexia, but can lead to some of the same horrible results. Bulimia involves an intense concern about weight (which is generally inaccurate) combined with frequent cycles of binge eating followed by purging, through self-induced vomiting, unwarranted use of laxatives, or excessive exercising. Most bulimics are of normal body weight, but they are preoccupied with their weight, feel extreme shame about their abnormal behavior, and often experience significant depression. The occurrence of bulimia has increased in many West... Free Essays on Adolescent Eating Disorders Free Essays on Adolescent Eating Disorders With children as early as age 7 showing dissatisfaction with their body, and as young as 9 starting dieting, eating disorders are a serious issue in our society. Taking a look at perceptions, behaviors, and medical issues associated with the disorders of anorexia and bulimia, scholars have tried to categorize and find answers to the problems which certain adolescents suffer. In this paper I focused on the two major eating disorders of anorexia and bulimia. In 1978, Brunch called anorexia nervosa a â€Å"new disease† and noted that the condition seemed to overtake â€Å"the daughters of the well-to-do, educated and successful families.† Today it is acknowledged and accepted that anorexia affects more than just one gender or socio-economic class; however, much of the current research is focused on the female gender. â€Å"Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme dieting, intense fear of gaining weight, and obsessive exercising. The weight loss eventually produces a variety of physical symptoms associated with starvation: sleep disturbance, cessation of menstruation, insensitivity to pain, loss of hair on the head, low blood pressure, a variety of cardiovascular problems and reduced body temperature. Between 10% and 15% of anorexics literally starve themselves to death; others die because of some type of cardiovascular dysfunction (Bee and Boyd, 2001).† Bulimia nervosa is a slightly less serious version of anorexia, but can lead to some of the same horrible results. Bulimia involves an intense concern about weight (which is generally inaccurate) combined with frequent cycles of binge eating followed by purging, through self-induced vomiting, unwarranted use of laxatives, or excessive exercising. Most bulimics are of normal body weight, but they are preoccupied with their weight, feel extreme shame about their abnormal behavior, and often experience significant depression. The occurrence of bulimia has increased in many West...

Human Body Project Ideas for Biology and Behavior

Human Body Project Ideas for Biology and Behavior Human body science projects and studies allow us to get a better understanding of the human body. Not only do we gain an improved knowledge of anatomical functions, but we gain a greater understanding of human behavior as well. The following human body project ideas provide suggestions for topics that can be explored through experimentation. Behavioral Project Ideas Does your sense of smell alter your sense of taste?Which sense (taste, smell, touch) is best for identifying foods?Does music affect blood pressure?Does fear affect blood pressure? (Fear Science Project - Sample)How does caffeine affect the body?Does exercise affect memory retention?Does music affect hand-eye coordination?Does the weather affect a persons mood?Does playing video games affect a persons heart rate?Do colors affect a persons mood? (Colors and Mood Project - Sample)Does gender affect reaction time?Is yawning contagious?Does smiling affect a persons mood?Does human behavior change during a full moon?Does room temperature affect concentration?Does sight affect the ability to determine sound direction? Biological Project Ideas Does a persons BMI affect blood pressure?Do all people have the same normal body temperature?Which type of exercises increases muscle growth the most?How do various types of acid (phosphoric acid, citric acid, etc.) affect tooth enamel?Do a persons heart rate and blood pressure vary during the day?Does exercise affect lung capacity?Does blood vessel elasticity affect blood pressure?Is calcium necessary for bone strength?Does light intensity affect peripheral vision?Does eye color affect a persons ability to distinguish colors?Do different stressors ( heat, cold, etc.) affect nerve sensitivity?Do food smells affect saliva production? Human Body Information Need additional information about the human body for your project? These resources will help you get started: The human body is made up of several organ systems that work together as one unit. Find out what you need to know about organ systems.Have you ever wondered why certain sounds make you cringe? Learn about your five senses and how they work.The brain is a fascinating organ that directs a multitude of functions in the body. Discover how sweets can alter your brain, why swinging makes you fall asleep faster, and how video games affect brain function.Want to learn some interesting facts about the body? Discover 10 Fascinating Facts About Your Heart, 12 Facts About Your Blood, 10 Facts About Cells, and 8 Different Types of Body Cells. More Science Project Ideas For more information and ideas for science projects, see 30 Ideas for Animal Experiments and Projects, 22 Ideas for Science Experiments Using Plants, 8 Types of Biology-Based Science Fair Projects, Scientific Method Steps, and How to Write a Bibliography for a Science Fair Project. Science Models Constructing models is a fun and exciting way to learn about science. Try making a model of the lungs or making a DNA model using candy. It is important to note that just constructing a model is not an experiment. Models should be used to enhance your science project.

Battle of Tarawa Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Battle of Tarawa - Term Paper Example The battle was meant to stop the Japanese operations in the central regions of the pacific and the Americans initiated it. The United States marine force was the only ones that used amphibious warfare, but were opposed for the first time by the Japanese during this war. After this war, it was discovered that amphibious warfare played a big role in aiding military operations in inaccessible areas. The Political and Strategic Considerations Facing the Americans in the Central Pacific In 1943 Tarawa was the first attempt of the Americans to use amphibious warfare against a highly guarded beach. The United States were fighting to capture the island of Tarawa from the Japanese so that they could use it for their pacific military operations. During this time, the World War II was progressing into the pacific and the U.S navy needed a base in the east to launch their attacks. This was because they needed to be close to the places they were to launch attacks on and Tarawa provided the most v iable base (Tucker 515). The Marianas islands were also a strategic position for the United States navy to launch attacks and hound the Japanese away. These islands provided a close range to access the Philippines, Japan and other areas in the pacific. The islands of Tarawa provided a good base that the United States military would use to capture the Marianas islands hence they needed to base their operation there so that they could capture the Island easily by attacking the Japanese army. The Japanese also knew the importance of this island sand they had increased their defense over the land so that they could use it to conduct their defense operations. The battle started on November 20, 1943 and lasted for three days, but it is among the most callous assaults involving the marines. Since the islands were inaccessible, the United States marine used the sea to launch attacks on the Japanese soldiers who had not incorporated this technology into their defense mechanisms. The United S tates believed that the Japanese could only be defeated by amphibious attacks and they had strategized to defeat Germany, increase pressure on Japan to leave the islands and to keep China in the war (Langone 363). Why the Central Pacific Drive Begun In the Gilbert Islands The central pacific drive was stated in the Gilbert Islands because of their strategic position. They were a territory of the British but were taken up by the Japanese in 1941.they are north and west of other islands that were owned by the Japanese and were south and east of other important bases suitable for defense. These islands provided a suitable place for the Japanese forces to get access to the other parts of their territory since it was accessible unlike other areas. The United States navy aimed at this island so that they could secure a base for attacks on the Japanese. This island would offer good communication channels and other services that would aid in increasing pressure on the Japanese. Attacks from the gilberts islands would foster the United States efforts to attack the Japanese strong holds and this is why capturing the Gilbert Islands was of significant importance. The Key Operational Concerns during the Planning Of Operation Galvanic The Operation Galvanic was started by the United States navy and was intended to take over control of the Gilbert Island

Money,banking and the federal reserve system Essay

Money,banking and the federal reserve system - Essay Example In order to ensure a balance of the bank reserves and to control the monetary base, the Federal Reserve was established. For efficient use of money in the United States, the Banks and the Federal Reserve work together. Money is the most widely used liquid asset in the world today. Cash is the liquid form of money that is applicable and usable in many of the small and medium business ventures. However, there are other forms of money acceptable in many places. These include traveler’s checks, and checkable bank deposits. Money has the capability of generating gains from trading activities since its nature allows indirect exchange. It also provides a uniform way of transacting given that every product or service can be exchanged with money. It contradicts the barter system of trade (Krugman 412). Money plays three main functions in the United States economy. Firstly, it the sole medium of exchange across the country, it is possible to obtain any goods and services in exchange of money. This medium of exchange lacks the capability to be consumed hence it has to be applied in obtaining consumable goods and pay fro services. Hard economic times have called for use of different monetary forms. This has been evident in some Latin American countries that have resulted into the use of the American dollar, a situation also seen in Eastern Europe where they have used Euros. Secondly, it is used as a store of value, meaning money has the ability to purchase power over a given period. Other assets complement money as a store of value but its uniqueness is that its value appreciates in most cases. Lastly, money is a unit of account. In accounting, money is widely accepted as the medium of setting prices and calculating the value of other assets 413-414. The concept of money has continued to change with time. In historical times, silver and gold were considered as the medium of exchange, this was facilitated by their valuable nature in making of making of ornaments and jewellery. Around independence time in 1776, paper money was getting used to complement the gold and the silver coins. The transition saw the introduction of commodity-backed money that whose value was dependent on the promise that it could be possible to turn it into value on demand. (Krugman 414).To further enhance the monetary form, the United States Dollar was adopted as a generally acceptable mode of transacting in exchange of goods and services. This introduced the so-called fiat money that derives its value from the official status it adopts. This type of money has advantages over the former types in that it does not use other resources apart from the material used in its making and secondly, its supply can be regulated to take care of specific economic needs. However, the challenge remains in production of fake currency (Krugman 415). There are two types of monetary aggregates, denoted by the Federal Reserve as M1 and M2. M1 entails the cash, traveller’s checks and ch eckable bank deposits. Other near-moneys are inclusive in M2. In the United States, year 2011 September, M1 was equivalent to $2,136.9 billions while M2 was $9,603.6 billions of dollars (Krugman 416). Near-moneys are accompanied by interests that the cash dos not, this is the reason why they pay higher interests than checkable bank deposits. Banks plays a critical role in the money industry in the United States and all over the world. It is evident that banks play a role in linking the Federal Reser

Team Decision Making For At-Risk Families Essay Example for Free

Team Decision Making For At-Risk Families Essay Team decision making in regards to at risk-families involves supportive individuals who collaborate together to making decisions that will affect a child in the protection of the social welfare system placement. Batterson, et al, (Batterson, et.al, 2007, p.5) states, â€Å"Team decision making utilizes the strength based resources of the family, extended family, and community in making decisions of placement for at-risk children who are in the care of child welfare.† This approach is important because it allows for individuals to come together to discuss and collaborate on placement solution in placing a child. In collaboration with the social worker those involved with team decision making are able to provide valuable information, resources and placement solutions that child welfare alone could not provide. Values and Beliefs of Team Decision Making The underlying values and beliefs of team decision making below are as stated by Edward Sagatun-Edward (Edward, J.L Sagatun-Edward I, 2007, p. 4) according to the Annie E. Casey Foundation are: ââ€" ª Families have strengths and can change families have the tools and resources that are needed in making decisions that can effect change. ââ€" ª We must set up opportunities for families to show their strengths –families must be provided with opportunities to demonstrate their strengths in making decisions ââ€" ª A group can usually be more effective in making good decisions than an individual – when a group collaborate there is an influx of ideas and solutions rather than one person trying to figure out a solution. ââ€" ª Families are experts about themselves – families know the inner working of the family dynamics and can relate to others about what is going on than someone else. They know the beliefs and values that are with their unique family structure. ââ€" ª When families are included in the decision making, they are capable of identifying their own needs and strengths – Instead of outsiders trying to determine and identify the family’s needs the family is able voice their needs as they identify the needs of the family and what they can contribute through their strengths. ââ€" ª Members of the family’s own community add value to the process by serving as natural allies to the family and as experts regarding the community’s resources – Relatives, friends, community leaders are valuable in TDM because they bring a different perspective in supporting the family with their resources. Team Decision Making Models Family Group Conferencing FGC is a model that is used to bring together a child, an immediate or extended family member and a child protection professional to resolve family issues in regards to child protection. These individuals will air out issues, come to a resolution of issues and develop a plan for future action ((Huntsman, 2006, p.1) Child Protection Mediation – CPM is a collaborative problem solving process involving an unbiased person who facilitates constructive mediation and communication between parents, lawyers, and child protection professionals in coming to an agreement on how to resolve concerns when a child is alleged to have been victim of maltreatment (Guidelines for Child Mediation, 2011, p.5). Wraparound Services Wraparound is an intensive, comprehensive model of engaging with children, youth, and their families who have complex needs so that the child or youth will not be uprooted from their homes or communities and in the process helping them to realiz e their hopes and dreams (Wraparound Basics, 2012). Family Finding Developed by Kevin A. Campbell is a model that offers techniques to track down and involve relatives of children currently displaced out of there natural home environment. The goal of Family Finding is to connect each child with a family member or relative, so that every child may benefit from the lifelong connections that only a family provides (National Institute For Permanent Family Connectedness, 2012). Emancipation Conferences An emancipation conference brings the youth together with family, professionals, and significant individuals in the youths life to establish a plan for the time when the youth will reach adulthood and age out of the child welfare system protection (Edward, J.L Sagatun-Edward, D. I, 2007, p. 9). Advantages of Team Decision Making Team decision making in regards to at-risk families has many advantages. Some advantages according to American Humane Association are: FGDM keeps children safe, result in more permanent placements, decrease the need for foster care, maintain family bonds, and increase family well-being (American Humane Association, 2010, p.1). Also according to De La Cruz, TDM relieves the caseworker from making difficult decision on own and when family members are allowed to get involved with the decision making process they are more apt in participating in decisions that are made in order to keep family intact (De La Cruz, L, 2007, p. 30). Barriers of Team Decision Making According to Edward Sagatun-Edward some barriers to team decision making is the capital it would take to implement the different team decision making models, the need for further staff training and development, and would add more stress to already overworked social workers (Edward, J.L Sagatun-Edward, D. I, 2007, p. 10). Although, these are barriers Edward Sagatun-Edward mention in the long run the cost would be nominal when considering the cost of keeping children in foster care and in the criminal justice system when they reach adulthood. Team Decision Making Impact schools Team decision making may impact schools in regards to working with an at-risk student by bringing together the student guardian or trusted friend, teacher and school social worker or psychologist to collaborate and make a decision on what steps need to be taken to ensure basic needs and educational needs are being met. For example, a student who suffers from oppositional defiant disorder risk being put into the juvenile court system due to truancy issues, risk being tossed out of his home and is on the verge of failing all of his courses. Team decision making can be utilized to make decisions on getting the youth on the right path. This would involve collaborating with the youth, family members or relative, school psychologist or social worker to discuss the underlying issues of what is really going on with the student and then coming to a consensus on a decision and plan of action to improve the student situation. This is just one way team decision making can impact schools. The important thing to remember is that in order to ensure a successful team decision method is effective is to have a strength-based mindset that involves the belief that everyone has strength and resources they can contribute to solve a solution. If this is taking into consideration within the school system there would be more freedom to collaborate in helping to solve difficult decisions. References Batterson, M., Crampton, D., Crea, T., Harris, F., Abramson Madden, A., Usher, L., Williams, J. (2007, February). Implementing Family to Family. Retrieved December 17, 2012, from http://www.unc.edu/~lynnu/ImpleF2F.pdf Child Welfare Policy Briefing: Family Group Decision Making. (2010, August 2). American Humane Association, 1(3), 1. Retrieved from http://www.americanhumane.org/assets/pdfs/children/advocacy/111th-fgdm.pdf De La Cruz, L. (2009). Implementation and Effectiveness of Team Decision Making In Sacramento County Child Welfare (Masters thesis). Retrieved December 17, 2012, from http://csus-dspace.calstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10211.9/1049/LDCOMPLETETHESIS.pdf?sequence=4 Edwards, J.L. Sagatun-Edwards, D.I. (2007). The transition to group decision making in child protection cases: Obtaining better results for children and families. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 58(1). Retrieved from http://nc.casaforchildren.org/files/public/community/judges/July_2011/EDWARDS_Group_Decision_Making.pdf Guidelines for Child Protection Mediation (2011, November). Retrieved December 17, 2012, from http://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/CPM_Guidelines.pdf Huntsman, L. (2006, July). Family group conferencing in a child welfare context. Retrieved December 17, 2012, from http://www.community.nsw.gov.au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/research_family_conferencing.pdf What is Family Finding and Permanency (2012). In National Institute For Permanent Family Connectedness. Retrieved December 17, 2012, from http://www.familyfinding.org/ Wraparound basics (2012). In National

My Sport Essay -- Personal Narrative

My Sport It all started when I was about eleven or twelve years old. By that time, I was already used to being the tallest girl in class. I caught the attention of all my gym teachers and was about to become a goal to basketball coaches. The sport seemed cool, but something I had never thought about. Time went by and the coaches insisted I should play. I was finally persuaded. â€Å"Why not give it a try?† I thought. I went to camps, practices, a whole process, and learned to sympathize with the sport. Basketball came easy to me and after a while, I became a decent player. I continued to play through junior high school, but it wasn’t until high school that I realized it wasn’t my sport. There, I found a whole diversity of sports, some of which I had never heard of. One day, the crew coach...

Ethics and Morality Essay

There is an inherent question on the basis of morality and whether or not it is a man-made, almost religious invention or if it is intrinsic to our beings as humans. I think that the rope that is the argument between is too complicated and tightly knotted to have a short conversation about, but by fraying the ends of the rope we can inevitably decide that morality is innate and that religion may have a part in building upon it, but not in creating it. The curiosity behind the topic of morality is normally fashioned by religious arguments for the assumption that a deity endowed us as humans with some sort of moral compass. However, by searching the brain for its different functions and activities during moral dilemmas and religious interactions, along with historical clues and a little knowledge of sociology, determining that morality is not created, only built upon, is inevitable. Morality is defined as normatively to refer to a code of conduct that, given specified conditions, would be put forward by all rational persons (Stanford). With this as a definition, the first question to rises is the following: What is one moral action that a believer can do that a non-believer cannot do? There are few answers to the inverse, if any, but non-believers do not pose that they have any stronger of a moral compass than believers, while believers do. It is incredibly important to think about an answer to this question because if there truly is no answer to this challenge, then a road has been paved toward an objective that we can already see, which is that being ethical and moral is not necessarily a religious view, so such claims can immediately be cast off and the topic can stay on a strictly scientific road. Now the consideration lies upon what is deemed as an ethical person. Is the president ethical in his decisions? Is a doctor ethical in his decisions? Of course, there is an ethical code in these circles, but does that immediately mean that any decisions outside of the codes are immoral? A moral person is normally described as somebody who takes into account the possible consequences of his or her actions and rationally decides on a choice based on how it may affect those around him. We call these people morally good because their contributions to whomever they are around are normally well thought-out, harmless contributions to the topic. However, this is simply a definition, and the person is simply his or her self. Take into account the thoughts of those around the subject. A religiously-convicted man would say that his religion is the reason for his good nature, while one not necessarily supporting religion would say that he is simply a good person. As an aside, there are multiple people who would take the chance to point out many historically immoral figures, such as Mao Zedong, Stalin, Pol Pot, who were atheistic. While it is true that these figures were indeed non-believers, it is important to distinguish the reasons for their immorality. It was not based on religion, but rather by social constructs and a greed for power that caused them to act out. Some may cite Hitler as an atheist as well, but they’d be digging their own grave. Hitler, in Mein Kampf, even gives credit to the Christian god, and had religious inscriptions on every Nazi-uniform belt. To get back to the previous point, it is important to take into account what those around the subject would perceive, and although the religiously-convicted man might have millions of people around the world following his train of thought, research done Dr. Pyssiainen and Dr. Hauser from the departments of Psychology and Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University offers an interesting perspective on the topic: â€Å"†¦Despite differences in, or even an absence of, religious backgrounds, individuals show no difference in moral judgments for unfamiliar moral dilemmas. The research suggests that intuitive judgments of right and wrong seem to operate independently of explicit religious commitments. † Pyssiainen’s and Hauser’s study grants us that although religious backgrounds may indeed build upon moral constructs, as good religion is only positively influential to a good person, a complete lack of religious background is perfectly plausible if an individual wishes to be moral because moral judgments are not linked to religious commitments. This finding is absolutely crucial to determining whether or not morality is man-made or inherent to humans because it breaks the perceived bond between belief and morality. So their contribution to the topic has been seen through and accepted as a welcome source of reference. However, it is essential to look at the other side of the argument. Which studies show that seem to show that religion is a key factor in morality? Unfortunately, they are found few and far between. As a matter of fact, there are literally no scientific studies that show religion is crucial in the formation of morality. It’s widely granted that religion, in some aspects, can further construct upon morality and cause others to be exceedingly altruistic and generous, and that is conceded by Paul Bloom of Yale University, but it is not a formative agent. In his paper, â€Å"Religion, Morality, Evolution,† he accepts that religion can be a guiding influence on a positive path. However, he points out that it is by no means the reason for morality, and that religion itself may just be an accident by which humans needed an answer to questions that they couldn’t fathom without the help of a deity. Necessity dictates that there should be some rather fueled individuals on a topic as flammable as the topic of morality and religion. Speaking as an outsider looking in, I cannot very well use the words of Christopher Hitchens, though I would love to dearly, because he was so against religion. While he was indeed logical in most of his claims, he was a self-described anti-theist, meaning that he was against a spectating deity who watched over each individual. Thus, his words would seem rather biased. However, Richard Dawkins, an evolutionary biologist, and Sam Harris, a well-known neuroscientist, are individuals who speak strictly through logical and provable means. Richard Dawkins posed the same point as Paul Bloom that religion is most likely an accident through evolution that was used as a possible answer to the world’s greatest questions, and Harris poses multiple reasonable points. The most relevant, though, is that if the bible were the only book in the world, it would be rational to use it as a basis for morality. However, because the bible is not the only book in the world and society is far more civilized now than it was when the bible was conceived, it is reasonable to assume that the bible is not the best book for building a moral compass. To end on a rather short note, there are few, if any, scientific studies arguing that religion is the factory that builds moral compasses. However, there are studies being conducted which follow Pyssiainen’s and Hauser’s and should end up corroborating their finds that morality works independently of religious constructs and confines. Thus, it is both rational and reasonable to assume that, after looking through history at the reasons for extreme wrongdoings and the social situations that facilitated them, and the evidence against opposing claims, morality is indeed intrinsic to our human nature and that it is simply augmented by outside forces, such as good religion. References Bloom, Paul, Religion, Morality, Evolution (January 2012). Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 63, pp. 179-199, 2012. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1982949 or http://dx. doi. org/10. 1146/annurev-psych-120710-100334 Cell Press (2010, February 9). Morality research sheds light on the origins of religion. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 12, 2013, from http://www. sciencedaily. com /releases/2010/02/100208123625. htm Harris, Sam. Letter to a Christian Nation. New York: Random House, Print. Harris, Sam. The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason. New York: W. W. Norton, Print. Pyysiainen, Hauser et al. The origins of religion Q1 : evolved adaptation or by-product? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, February 8, 2010 â€Å"The Nature of Morality and Moral Theories. † Morality and Moral Theories. University of San Diego. Web. 12 May 2013. .

Court Visit Report

Court visit report My first court visit was a civil appeal case under the hierarchy of appellant jurisdiction at the Intermediate court and my second visit was a criminal case under the original of criminal jurisdiction at the district court. Both courts are found in Port Louis, Mauritius. The difference between the two courts is that the appellant jurisdiction was already heard in a lower court whereas the criminal jurisdiction was heard for the first time in the lower court.The atmosphere and the surrounding of the courts were nearly the same as both had magistrate seat and desk, advocate seat and desk, benches, microphones, speakers, air conditioning system, witness box, bright lighting system and smoke detector. The differences between the courts were that in the intermediate court there was a computer and in the district court there was an accused box. In the court of appeal, the magistrate; in a black gown behind his desk on the podium, was facing the people.There was a court u sher in a suit who was passing documents and evidences to the magistrate and a formally dressed person in front the computer who was recording the proceedings. Both lawyers in black gowns sat on the first bench. Just behind their lawyers, formally dressed, sat both claimant and defendant. Both the court of appeal and the district court function in nearly the same way. The only difference is that in the latter the accused had no lawyer to represent him and hence he sat with the audience. A quite friendly atmosphere prevailed in both courts.Their ushers gave me the cases’ histories, details and facts. In the court of appeal, the lawyers were exchanging words with their client and I even got the opportunity to interview the claimant, the defendant and even the lawyers. In the district court I interviewed the accused who was sitting next to me and was rather stressed. In each court, when the magistrate came, the people stood up to show respect and remained silent. In the court of appeal Mrs Bibi Fatima Rughoonauth filed a civil suit against the Commissioner of Police for unlawful arrest.In the preceding civil case, she was accused of molesting a police officer on duty as â€Å"lichien (dog)†. When the proceeding started, the witnesses; all police officers in uniform, were individually called by the court usher so as to maintain confidentiality. Each witness went in the witness box and presented himself. The statement of police was read as evidence for cross examination. During interrogation, the magistrate even had to intervene once as the witness was not responding. During her interrogation of the witness, the defendant’s lawyer refuted the points raised by the plaintiff’s lawyer.After the second witness’s interrogation, the third one came and the plaintiff’s lawyer questioned him in such a persuasive and enforcing way that he cracked under the strain and revealed the truth. Due to time constraint, no verdict was given an d the case was postponed. In the district court, Mr Brado Michel Nicolas was prosecuted for breaching the road traffic act (amendment) 2003. The accused had a car accident and went to the police station to give his statement. He gave an alcohol test which came positive. Mr B. M. Nicolas; casually dressed, came in the accused box upon the court officer’s call.He was asked by the magistrate to remove his hands from his pockets as such act caused disrespect to court. The magistrate asked Mr B. M. Nicolas if he pleaded guilty but the latter requested the magistrate if he could hear his statement given in the police station once again. Then a police officer presented himself in front of the magistrate and read the statement of the witness in the witness box. Then Mr B. M. Nicolas pleaded guilty. The magistrate held the accused to pay a fine of Rs 3,100 (three thousand and one hundred Mauritian rupees).According to me it was a fair trial. Changes which I believe would help in maint aining order in the court and also its dignity are as follows: 1. A normal person, unaware of court functioning, should be briefed as when I was there, due to lack of information a witness went in the accused box and had to be guided to the witness box by the court officer. 2. Equipments in such an important and sensitive place as a court should be working properly since during my visit the microphones and speakers were not working and hence the court proceedings could not be heard properly.

Unique Behaviors of Domestic Cats in Their Natural

Unique Behaviors of Domestic Cats in Their Natural Abstract Historically, for the last 9500 years, people have been domesticating cats. Evolutionary studies show that cats depict evolutionary behaviors such as territory marking, grooming, mating, social organization, and communication. Based on evolutionary studies, this study focuses on making observation of evolutionary behaviors that entail territory marking.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Unique Behaviors of Domestic Cats in Their Natural specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The findings revealed that, while scratching and rubbing against objects are common cat behaviors, urinating and defecating are rare behaviors of marking territory. Ultimately, although the study had limitation due to lack of control experiments, it revealed that cats need expansive environment for them to wander and expand their territory. Introduction Domestic cats are good pets because they do not only offer companionship to human beings but also help in eradication of rodents in homesteads. Domestic cats frequently interact with human beings because they live together in the house and share the same environment. Due to their smooth hair, flexible bodies, and friendliness, human beings have taken them as pets that live indoors. Moreover, since domestic cats are carnivores, they hunt for rodents in the homestead, thus help human beings in keeping rodents away from their houses. Domestic cats have unique behaviors in that although they are social animals, they spend great deal of their time in solitude except during mating or when nurturing their kids. Living with human beings, cats wander within a home range or neighborhood, making it possible to observe their wandering habits and unique behaviors that they portray. Many studies have attempted to elucidate unique evolutionary behaviors of cats since they share same environment with people and other domestic animals. The studies seek to explain how cats associate and communicate among themselves. In addition, the studies also seek to establish how cats interact and associate harmoniously with people and other domesticated animals in the homestead and within their environment in the neighborhood. As aforementioned, Blackshaw notes that, cats depict diverse evolutionary behaviors such as territory marking, grooming, communication, social organization and mating (64).Advertising Looking for term paper on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In territory marking, cats employ variety of strategies including scratching of objects, urinating, defecating and cheek rubbing. Territory marking is very important in warning and keeping away other cats from intruding into marked territories. Cats also depict grooming behavior because they often lick and scratch their fur when resting to ensure that their bodies are clean and free from any parasites. In terms of communication, cats have va rious ways of communication such as purring, meowing, grunting, and hissing depending on their moods and environment. Although cats are solitary animals, social organization is common during mating, as dominant males tend to suppress other males and expel them from their territory forcing them to live solitary lives or change their environment. Thus, aforementioned behaviors are evolutionary behaviors that cats portray under their natural settings. The objective of the study is to examine how cats mark their territories as an evolutionary behavior that makes them dominant in their environment. Homestead or neighborhood provides natural settings for cats to express their evolutionary behavior of territory marking. In this case, naturalistic observation of the behaviors of cats involving territory marking in a homestead and neighborhood correlates with literature since the cats are in their natural setting that is free from any undue interference, which may considerably change their b ehaviors. Herron and Buffington argue that, for cats to express their evolutionary behaviors, they need natural environment to promote their health and welfare conditions (1). Thus, for cats to express evolutionary behaviors that involve territory marking effectively, outdoor environment in a homestead or neighborhood is imperative. The study hypothesized that cats demonstrate unique behaviors in outdoor environment that aim at marking their territory. Therefore, since cats demonstrate unique behaviors that have evolutionary significance, what are the evolutionary behaviors of territory marking that are observable in a natural setting? Naturalistic Observation Under environmental conditions of homestead and neighborhood, I made natural observation of unique behaviors of cats while focusing on evolutionary behaviors of territory marking. Critical observation of the cats showed that they move about in the homestead or neighborhood as they mark their territories using various means inc luding scratching of objects, cheek rubbing, urinating, and defecating.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Unique Behaviors of Domestic Cats in Their Natural specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the experiment, I observed how male domestic cats behave while wandering in the homestead and I noted that they were portraying evolutionary behavior that involved marking of territory. The cats went about scratching objects using their paws and rubbing their cheeks against objects. These behaviors were quite dominant because there are many objects in the environment that the cats encountered and they ensured that they scratched or rubbed themselves against all the available objects. Hence, objects such as wood, trees, rocks, and poles are very important for the cats since they are territorial markers. Urinating and defecating were rare behaviors that the cat displayed but it entailed digging of a shallow hole, urinating or defecating on it, and eventually covering it up using soil. The uniqueness of urination and defecation is that the cat performed it on peripheral parts of its territory. Implication of Naturalistic Observation The unique behaviors of cats that entail marking of territory showed that cats need expansive territory. Although cats are domestic animals, keeping them indoors and providing enough food is not enough because they need to explore their territory and expand it by marking the appropriate boundaries. Indoor environment is too small for cats to roam and interact with other cats during mating. Studies have shown that male dominance in certain environment depends on the extent of territory. Size of territory determines males’ dominance during mating season for they wander expansively in search of females on heat. Observation made on cats restricted to live indoors showed that they portray scratching and rubbing behaviors but on limited frequency for they experience a lot of interference in the house. According to Rochlitz, people who domesticate cats need to simulate indoor environment to reflect outdoor environment and allow cats to wander freely so that they can exercise their evolutionary behaviors of marking their territory (102). This implies that, natural outdoor setting provides a good environment for the cats to mark their territories so long as it is free from interferences that emanate from noise, dogs, other dominating cats and disturbing children. Thus, evolutionary behaviors of territory marking can effectively happen in natural setting where cats have freedom to explore their environment and interact with other cats during mating.Advertising Looking for term paper on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Limitation of the Research The study of evolutionary behaviors of cats, which involved observing behaviors of territory marking in their natural setting, had limitations because it had no control experiment for comparison. The study would have been conclusive if there were an artificial environment where researcher could observe how territorial marking of boundaries occurs relative to natural setting. Moreover, given that a cat is a domestic animal that has evolved from wilderness, it is very difficult to define precisely its natural setting. Thus, the research assumed that the favorable natural setting for a cat is a homestead environment because it is expansive and has rodents that cats can hunt. According to Hall, evolutionary cat behaviors are not only dependent on environment, but also on other factors such as availability of food and social interactions with other cats (144). When cats are well fed and have good relationships with other cats, they tend to play more as compared to instances when they are hungry and are facing impending social threats from other cats. Therefore, the study did not consider assessing whether the cats were optimally expressing their behaviors with respect to presence of environmental threats and hunger. Future Direction of the Research Due to limitation, the study recommends that future researchers should consider carrying out control experiments under artificial setting to give an insight into evolutionary behaviors of territory marking. Since cats have no specific natural setting, future research should focus on defining appropriate environmental conditions that are essential in optimization behaviors among cats. Warren argues that, varied animal species, which have undergone evolution for centuries, have diverged and specialized into diverse ecological niches (582). Therefore, for future researchers to come up with comprehensive view on evolutionary behavior of territory marking, they need to understand the evolution proce ss and environments that favor territory marking in cats to eliminate confounding variables. Conclusion For the last 9500 years, human beings have been cats and they have proved to be the best pets that can stay both indoors and outdoors. Evolutionary studies reveal that cats have various evolutionary behaviors that enable them to survive under varied environmental conditions. Such behaviors include, territory marking, communication, grooming, social organization, and mating. This study carried out observation to confirm how cats depict the evolutionary behavior of marking their territory. The observations revealed that, cats frequently scratch and rub themselves against objects in their environment to leave a special scent that shows their presence and thus scare away other intruding cats. Moreover, the findings showed that cats urinate and defecate at specific points in their territory, hence providing a way of marking their boundaries. The observations made implied that cats need expansive environment where they can wander and expand their territories. Although the study findings revealed that cat behaviors in their natural setting entail marking of territory, the study had limitations because there was no control experiment of an artificial environment. Thus, the study concludes that evolutionary cat behaviors involving territory marking are complex and require comprehensive studies. Blackshaw, Judith. â€Å"The Behaviour of Cats and Dogs.† Applied Animal Behavior  Science, 2001: 63-68. Hall, Sarah. The Influence of Hunger on Object Play by Adult Domestic Cats.† Applied Animal Behaviour Science 58.2 (2006): 143–150. Herron, Meghan, and Buffington, Tony. â€Å"Environmental Enrichment for Indoor Cats.†Ã‚  MediMedia Animal Health, 2010:1-7. Rochlitz, Ian. â€Å"A Review of the Housing Requirements of Domestic Cats.† Applied  Animal Behavior Science 97.3 (2005): 97-109). Warren, John. â€Å"Evolution, Behavior and the P refrontal Cortex.† Animal Behavior Laboratory, (2003): 581-593.

English-Spanish Basketball Glossary

English-Spanish Basketball Glossary If you want to talk basketball in Spanish, here are the words to do it. Since its origins in the late 18th century in Massachusetts, basketball has become an international sport. But it continues to be dominated by the United States, so it shouldnt be surprising that much of the Spanish-language vocabulary of the game comes from English. In fact, even in Spanish-speaking countries, English terms may be understood more readily than their Spanish equivalents. The Spanish vocabulary for the sport developed somewhat independently in various regions, so terms can vary not only between Spain and Latin America, but even between neighboring countries. Even the name of the game isnt uniform throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The vocabulary below represents some of the most common terms used by Spanish speakers, but it shouldnt be considered complete. Basketball Terms In Spanish air ball - el air ballassist (noun) - la asistenciabackboard - el tablerobank shot - el tiro a tablabasket (goal) - el cesto, la canastabasket (score) - la canasta, el encestebasketball (ball) - el balà ³n, la pelotabasketball (game) - el baloncesto, el bsquetbol, el basquetbol, el bsquetbox score - el box score, el sumariocenter - el/la pà ­votcheerleader - la animadora, el animador, el/la cheerleadercoach - el entrenador, la entrenadoracorner - la esquinacourt (playing field) - la pista, la canchadefend - defenderdribble (noun) - el drible, la finta, la bota, el dribblingdribble (verb) - driblardunk (noun) - el mate, el dunkfast break - el ataque rpido, el contraataqueforward - el/la alerofree throw - el tiro librehalf, quarter (period of play) - el periodo, el perà ­odohook shot - el ganchojump ball - el salto entre dosjump pass - el pase en suspensià ³njump shot - el tiro en suspensià ³nkey - la botella, la zona de tres segundosman-to-man (defense) - (la defensa) hombre a hombre, (la defensa) al hombreoffense - el ataqueovertime - la prà ³rroga, el tiempo aà ±adido, el tiempo extrapass (noun) - el pasepass (verb) - pasarpersonal foul - la falta personalpivot (verb) - pivotearplay (noun, as in three-point play) - la jugada (la jugada de tres puntos)player - el jugador, la jugadora, el/la baloncestistaplayoff - la liguilla, la eliminatoria, el playoffpoint (score) - el puntopoint guard - el/la base, el armador, la armadorapost - el postepower forward - el/la alero fuerte, el/la ala-pà ­votpress (noun) - la presià ³nrebound (noun) - el reboterebound (verb) - rebotarrecord  -   el rà ©cordreferee - el/la rbitro, el/la refereerookie - el novato, la novata, el/la rookiescreen (noun) - el bloqueoscreen (verb) - bloquearscrimmage - la escaramuzaseason - la temporadaseed, seeded (as in a tournament)  -   la clasificacià ³n, clasificadoshoot - tirarshooting guard - el/la escoltashot - el tiroteam - el equipotechnical foul - la falta tà ©cnicatimeout - el tiempo muertotip-off  -   salto entre dostournament - el torneoturnover - el balà ³n perdido, la pelota perdida, el turnoverwarmup - el calentamientowing - el/la alerozone defense - la defensa en zonazone offense - el ataque zonalzone press - el marcaje en zona Sample Spanish Sentences About Basketball These sentences have been adapted from current online publications to show how these words are used in real life. Cuando caigo hago dos movimiento de pivot y luego paso la pelota. (When I fall, I do two pivoting movements and then I pass the ball.)Pà ©rez convirtià ³ una jugada de tres puntos con 18.2 segundos por jugar en el tiempo extra. (Pà ©rez converted a three-point play with 18.2 seconds left in overtime.)Los ganadores de cada regià ³n avanzan a la Final Four. (The winners in each region adance to the Final Four. Final Four is feminine because the reference is to la ronda Final Four, or the Final Four round.)La temporada 2018-19 de la NBA es la septuagà ©simo tercera  temporada de la historia de la competicià ³n. (The 2018-19 season of the NBA is the 73rd season in the history of the competition. Note that the abbreviation NBA is treated as feminine because asociacià ³n, the word for association, is feminine.)El proceso de clasificacià ³n para el torneo de la NCAA consta de los torneos de cada conferencia. (The seeding process for the NCAA tpournament is made up of the tournamen ts of each conferencia.)El torneo es de eliminacià ³n directa y no existen partidos de consolacià ³n. (The tournament is single-elimination and there are no consolation games.) Dos tiros libres dieron la victoria a los Bulls. (Two free throws gave the win to the Bulls.)Una falta personal implica un contacto con el adversario mientras el balà ³n est en juego. (A personal foul involves contact with an opposing player while the ball is in play.)

Response to Intervention (RTI) model Assignment

Response to Intervention (RTI) model - Assignment Example This diversity in terms of culture, language, has infiltrated in to the mainstream education system in the city. Most of the mainstream schools also have students with special needs who need special care to ensure they benefit from the education system just like other students. As an English teacher in the city, with a diverse group of students, I have to develop strategies aimed at ensuring inclusiveness in my teaching approach, more especially because a majority of the students in the school speak Chinese and English will only be a second language to them. I have to create a good learning environment for non- English speakers as well as those students with special needs to feel comfortable throughout the learning process and benefit from the education albeit their differences. Education should be a uniting factor in such diverse mainstream schools where people from different backgrounds come together to share ideas, knowledge and learning experiences. In order to ensure inclusivene ss in my role as the English teacher, I would employ the use of Response to intervention (RTI) model. The Response to Intervention (RTI) model is very important in the provision of inclusive education to a diverse group of students. ... rning disabilities or even any other disabilities that may hinder the students from fully concentrating on their education and getting the best outcomes possible. The Retention to Intervention (RTI) model can therefore be defined as a general framework of education that involves research based interventions and instructions and regular structures of monitoring the progress of students in the learning process as well as the subsequent application of these data and information over time in order to make useful educational decisions (Klingner, 2006). One of the main advantages of the RTI model is the use of scientifically based interventions whose effectiveness has already been determined through scientific experiments in various randomly controlled trials. One of the main goals and objectives of the RTI model is to apply the concepts of accountability to educational programs by allowing teachers to focus only on those programs that have been scientifically proved to work rather than re lying on programs that seem to be simple and easier to use. The RTI model is a multi-tier strategic approach that promotes early identification of children with learning and behavioral needs in a diverse learning environment. The model employs various techniques and approaches to ensure the students’ needs are addressed and fully met so as to ensure positive learning outcomes for all students (Gresham, et al. 2004). The model can be used for by both regular and special needs education teachers who have a group of highly diversified students with different leaning and behavioral needs. The process starts with a general universal screening of all the students in a class room and the use of high quality instructions. After the screening process, the learners identified to be struggling are

Topic Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Topic - Research Proposal Example I am proud to understand that my grandfather was part of Second World War which a historical event changed the face of my home country. Having a multiple ancestry root is admirable fact, but my grandparent’s engagement in World War II changed my persona to a great extend† (Thesis)â€Å"Developing one’s self consists mainly in trend to self-development†3 Second World War is an historical event which has a great importance in political and social terms. This is a war which had all the superpowers of the world participating in it and winning this war was a crucial for all. This Second World War has enhanced the innovative dynamics of America and has built in them a sense of citizenship and patriotism. This war shows the dedication, sincerity and devotion of veteran Americans had for their country. â€Å"The Americans supplied us with 450,000 lorries.Of course, in the final stages of the war this significantly increased our armed forces mobility, decreased our losses and brought us, perhaps, greater success than if we had not such help†7 The Second World War is immensely connected to my family as my maternal and paternal side is linked to this historical event. Firstly, my Granddad was a war veteran which showed the patriotism he had for his country. â€Å"Over time in the United States, this necessary war has been transformed into a good war, the best war the country ever had† 1.Apart from this, on my maternal side, her Irish ancestors took part as British military men in Second World War. Moreover, as we moved to Connecticut after World War II, our life took a positive course â€Å"At the outbreak of the Second World War southern Ireland declared itself neutral while the six counties of Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom became involved†5. Understanding one’s family heritage is of great value as it allows one to grow emotionally and personally as an individual. â€Å"The family is usually considered